While national politics can be divisive and disheartening, city-level initiatives offer hope. In a local context, people are neighbors who must collaborate, respect each other's humanity, and work towards a common goal of improving their community. This forced cooperation creates a positive, inspiring model for progress.

Major societal shifts, like universal childcare, don't start with national legislation. They begin when communities model a different way of operating. By creating local support systems and demonstrating their effectiveness, citizens provide a blueprint that can be scaled into state and national policy.

Feeling paralyzed by large-scale problems is common. The founder of Pandemic of Love demonstrates that huge impacts are simply the aggregate of many small actions. By focusing on the "area of the garden you can touch," individuals can create massive ripple effects without needing a complex, top-down solution.

Don't dismiss high-leverage but hard-to-measure interventions like government capacity building. Use "cost-effectiveness thinking": create back-of-the-envelope calculations and estimate success probabilities. This imposes quantitative discipline on qualitative decisions, avoiding the streetlight effect of only focusing on what's easily measured.

Prioritize projects that promise significant impact but face minimal resistance. High-friction projects, even if impactful, drain energy on battles rather than building. The sweet spot is in areas most people don't see yet, thus avoiding pre-emptive opposition.

Focus on the root cause (the "first-order issue") rather than symptoms or a long to-do list. Solving this core problem, like fixing website technology instead of cutting content, often resolves multiple downstream issues simultaneously.

A company's grand social initiatives, like becoming a "green bank," lack credibility if it ignores immediate, solvable problems in its own backyard. Tackling a local issue first, like a trash-filled alley, builds authentic reputation and empowers employees for larger challenges.

Effective solutions for complex problems often lie outside an organization's direct control. Children's Health System of Texas moved beyond patient-centric design to co-designing a "wellness ecosystem" with partners like the housing authority and schools, addressing root causes rather than just symptoms.

Reaching a 100x increase in charitable impact isn't from a single change but from combining principles that each act as a multiplier. For instance, shifting focus to a more neglected problem (10x) and choosing a leveraged policy solution (10x) can result in a 100x total improvement.