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The long-dormant HTTP 402 error code is being revived as the x402 standard for AI agent payments. Co-developed by Circle, Stripe, and Coinbase, it provides a standardized way for AI agents to discover, request, and execute payments for services from other agents.

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To scale AI-driven purchases, Stripe and OpenAI developed an open standard for checkouts. The "Agentic Commerce Protocol" provides a standard API for businesses to express their checkout process, allowing AI agents to initiate transactions safely and programmatically, moving beyond brittle methods like web scraping.

The next evolution of the internet, "Web 4.0," moves beyond human-centric design to serve AI as the primary user. This requires new protocols that give AI agents write access and their own wallets, allowing them to permissionlessly pay for compute, deploy apps, and participate in an economy without human intervention.

The internet was designed for human interaction, actively discouraging bots. The next evolution will reverse this, with AI agents becoming the primary users. This requires re-architecting everything from user interfaces to business models, with crypto likely serving as the native payment rail for these autonomous agents.

To facilitate the emerging agentic economy, Circle developed a system for transactions priced at a micro-level previously impossible. This allows AI agents to pay for services, data, or intelligence from other agents in real-time, high-volume scenarios.

As AI agents become sophisticated, they'll need to pay for services. Traditional banking is too slow and fragmented for them. Crypto, as the internet's native money, provides the instant, global, low-fee rails for AI agents to transact with each other and with web services, creating a major new use case.

As AI agents proliferate, they will need a way to transact. They can't open traditional bank accounts due to human-centric KYC rules. Brian Armstrong argues they will use stablecoin wallets instead, making stablecoins the financial rails for an explosive new category of "agentic commerce" and machine-to-machine payments.

Stripe's demo of an AI party-planning agent shows a future where agents make real, micro-payments to third-party services to complete tasks. This model equips agents to interact with a paid API economy, purchasing the specific services they need on the fly without human intervention.

Stripe intentionally designed its Agentic Commerce Protocol (ACP) to be provider-agnostic, working with any payments processor and any AI agent. This strategic decision to build an open standard, rather than a proprietary product, aims to grow the entire agentic commerce ecosystem instead of creating a walled garden.

The financial system is unprepared for the coming wave of AI agents. These agents will perform tasks and require payment, creating trillions of micropayments. Current infrastructure from Stripe, Visa, or Mastercard cannot handle this volume, creating a massive opportunity for new protocols to facilitate the 'agent economy'.

Looking toward 2030, Visa is preparing for "agentic e-commerce," where AI agents execute purchases autonomously. By developing secure, programmable digital credentials for machines, Visa is positioning its network to be the underlying trust layer, ensuring it remains the toll collector even when humans are not directly involved in transactions.