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Artificial intelligence is visibly impacting the US jobs report in two opposing ways. It drives construction job growth through the building of data centers, while simultaneously causing job losses in the information and financial services sectors as AI boosts productivity in programming and back-office roles.
Despite fears of displacement, Apollo's chief economist finds no evidence of AI-driven job losses in current employment data. The AI boom is creating jobs for implementation experts and in data center construction, putting upward pressure on both employment and inflation, a real-time example of Jevons paradox.
A Morgan Stanley survey of AI-adopting firms reveals a significant regional divergence. While globally these companies saw a 4% net job reduction over 12 months, US firms experienced a 2% net increase, driven by strong AI-related hiring that more than offset job cuts and attrition.
Contrary to the dominant job-loss narrative, a Vanguard study reveals that occupations highly exposed to AI are experiencing faster growth in both jobs and wages. This suggests AI is currently acting as a productivity tool that increases the value of labor rather than replacing it.
Despite AI's narrative as a labor-replacement technology, NVIDIA's booming chip sales are occurring alongside strong job growth. This suggests that, for now, AI is acting as a productivity tool that is creating economic expansion and new roles faster than it is causing net job destruction.
Economic analysis controlling for business cycles reveals a small but measurable increase in unemployment for roles with high AI exposure. This suggests AI's labor market disruption is not just a future possibility but a current, albeit modest, reality.
A stark divide exists between the "AI economy," growing at 31%, and the rest, which is nearly flat. Despite this, the broader U.S. job market remains surprisingly strong, with sectors like retail and healthcare adding jobs. This indicates the AI boom's economic impact is highly concentrated and traditional sectors are currently holding up employment numbers.
While AI causes job losses in sectors like Information, it simultaneously drives significant job creation. Demand-side effects, including data center construction and wealth effects from AI stocks boosting spending, currently create more jobs than AI displaces, resulting in a net positive impact.
Artificial intelligence is a double-edged sword in the labor market. It's fueling a construction boom for data centers, creating jobs in that sector. Concurrently, it's contributing to job losses in financial services, particularly in insurance and banking roles ripe for early automation.
The US economy is currently experiencing near-zero job growth despite typical 2% productivity gains. A significant increase in productivity driven by AI, without a corresponding surge in economic output, could paradoxically lead to outright job losses. This creates a scenario where positive productivity news could have negative employment consequences.
The labor market faces a dual threat. Weak demand, linked to tariffs and deglobalization, has already pushed job growth to zero. As AI adoption accelerates productivity, it could further suppress labor demand, potentially tipping the economy into a state of net job decline.