Unlike national defense, which benefits from centralized R&D from organizations like DARPA, the U.S. fire service is highly fragmented across 20,000 independent departments. This structure has historically stifled the adoption of advanced technology, creating an opportunity for private companies to fill the innovation gap.

GovTech sales cycles are notoriously long. Flock overcame this by appealing directly to a police chief's primary performance metric: solving crime. A tool that saves time is a "cost-saver" delegated elsewhere. A tool that directly solves crime is a "revenue-generator" that the chief buys immediately.

Zac Bookman argues that the high cost of sales, slower growth cycles, and customer preference for product suites make GovTech a better fit for private equity's long-term, operational focus than for venture capital's high-growth model.

Sophisticated gangs are using drones with their ADS-B trackers removed to scout wealthy homes without detection. Meanwhile, federal regulations prevent local law enforcement from deploying counter-drone technology, creating a situation where criminals have superior aerial capabilities and police have their hands tied.

To encourage adoption of tech benefiting multiple business units, Oshkosh's CVC arm uses a central budget to fund initial proofs of concept. This removes the "who pays?" friction, as no single department has to bear the initial cost for a company-wide benefit, with the successful unit paying later.

Private capital is more efficient for defense R&D than government grants, which involve burdensome oversight. Startups thrive when the government commits to buying finished products rather than funding prototypes, allowing VCs to manage the risk and de-burdening small companies.

The movement to defund the police doesn't eliminate the need for security; it just shifts the burden. Wealthy individuals and communities hire private security, while poorer communities, who are the primary victims of crime, are left with diminished public protection.

The data infrastructure for law enforcement is fragmented and archaic. Until recently, some major US cities ran on paper, and states even outlawed cloud storage. This creates massive data silos that hinder investigations, as criminal activity crosses jurisdictions that don't share data.

To combat staffing shortages and appeal to younger generations, some police departments are using high-tech, visually appealing equipment like Teslas and Cybertrucks. This serves as a powerful marketing and recruitment tool, making the job more attractive to potential candidates.