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The enormous private valuations of AI giants like OpenAI ($1T) and SpaceX ($1.5T) pose a unique challenge for their eventual IPOs. The problem isn't the valuation itself, but the 'float.' A standard 15% float would require public markets to absorb hundreds of billions of dollars, far exceeding even the largest IPOs in history.
Scott Galloway argues that OpenAI's highly anticipated IPO is unlikely to happen. The company's momentum has turned negative, major partnerships are fraying, and its high private valuation creates a 'veto block' from late-stage investors unwilling to accept a lower public price.
For highly-capitalized companies like SpaceX and OpenAI, bankers are designing new IPO structures. Instead of standard 90-180 day lockup periods, they're planning staggered share releases over a longer timeframe to manage immense selling pressure from a large base of private shareholders and prevent post-IPO stock volatility.
SpaceX is reportedly targeting a $1.5 trillion IPO to raise $30 billion. This capital isn't just for rockets but to fund a new AI infrastructure business: data centers in space. This represents a significant strategic shift, leveraging its launch dominance to compete in the AI compute market by acquiring massive quantities of GPUs.
The current IPO market is bifurcated. Investors are unenthusiastic about solid, VC-backed companies in the $5-$15B valuation range, leading to poor post-IPO performance. However, there is immense pent-up demand for a handful of mega-private companies like SpaceX and OpenAI.
For trillion-dollar private companies like SpaceX going public, the traditional 90-180 day lockup period is inadequate. The massive volume of insider shares hitting the market at once could crash the stock. Investment bankers are now designing staggered lockup releases to manage this unprecedented liquidity event.
The enormous capital required for AI development is exhausting private markets. This forces giants like the combined SpaceX/xAI entity, OpenAI, and Anthropic towards IPOs, marking a shift back to public markets for funding as the sole source for sufficient capital.
The company is discussing an IPO while reportedly facing $1.4 trillion in financial obligations and losing $20 billion this year on just $13 billion in revenue. This unprecedented cash burn and debt-to-revenue ratio creates a financial picture that seems untenable for a public offering without a radical, unproven shift in its business model.
Companies like SpaceX and OpenAI command massive private valuations partly because access to their shares is scarce. An IPO removes this barrier, making the stock universally available. This loss of scarcity value can lead to a valuation decline, a pattern seen in other assets like crypto when they became easily accessible via ETFs.
With multiple giants like OpenAI, Anthropic, and SpaceX eyeing public offerings, there's a real concern that the market cannot absorb them all simultaneously. This creates a bottleneck, forcing companies to carefully time their IPOs to avoid cannibalizing investor demand and potentially devaluing their listings.
A theory posits that SpaceX's massive potential IPO is a "spite IPO" by Elon Musk. By raising tens of billions in the public market, he could "suck the oxygen out of the room," making it significantly harder for capital-intensive AI competitors like OpenAI and Anthropic to secure their own large funding rounds.