A study by psychologist David Buss found that men's ratings of other men's fighting ability were a strong predictor of their actual sexual success. Conversely, women's ratings of those same men's attractiveness had almost no predictive power, suggesting male status hierarchies play a decisive role in mating outcomes.

Men engaging in extreme beautification trends ('looksmaxing') often focus on traits that other men find formidable, such as a strong jawline. This intrasexual competition strategy may not align with what women actually find most attractive, which can be a slightly more feminized face on a masculine body.

Men often admire extremely lean physiques in other men because they represent a high-status signal of discipline and difficulty. This creates a perception gap, as women may view the same physique as less formidable or as a sign of an unhealthy obsession with looks.

Women's preference for less lean, slightly "softer" male physiques may be an evolutionary adaptation. This physique signals "formidability"—the ability to win a fight and protect—which is valued over the aesthetic of being extremely "shredded."

The obsession with "looksmaxing" is a displacement activity. Improving one's appearance is a controllable, single-player game. It's a way to avoid the terrifying, complex, and uncontrollable challenge of learning social skills and navigating the possibility of rejection from other people.

Men consistently overestimate the level of muscularity women find attractive. This can be viewed through an error management framework: from an evolutionary standpoint, the fitness cost of being perceived as insufficiently strong is far greater than the cost of being perceived as too muscular.

Research shows that the stronger a man's internal drive for muscularity, the more likely he is to get divorced. This may be because the required lifestyle rigidity and self-focus—often motivated by competition with other men rather than partner attraction—are detrimental to long-term relationship health.

Research indicates women's ideal male body fat percentage is around 13-15%, which is lean but not "shredded." This contrasts with the bodybuilding ideal of sub-10% body fat, suggesting men's aesthetic goals are misaligned with female preferences.

Highly technical, male-dominated pursuits like heavy metal guitar function as an intrasexual status competition. They are not primarily for attracting women directly. Rather, men compete to establish a hierarchy among themselves, and women are then attracted to the high-status winners.