Technological advancement creates a paradox: as machines automate more tasks, the economic value of uniquely human and social interaction increases. This structural shift helps explain why recent job growth is so concentrated in sectors like health, education, and hospitality.

The housing industry is resistant to startup disruption due to immense "activation energy." This includes hyper-local regulations, fragmented distribution, cyclical capital needs, and a complex web of legacy players. Overcoming this barrier requires decades of effort, creating a powerful moat for incumbents.

Fears of AI disintermediating platforms like Booking.com may be overblown. AI agents would need to replicate decades of user ratings, global payment infrastructure, and deep supplier relationships from scratch—a monumental task that makes it more likely incumbents will simply integrate AI themselves.

AI is rapidly automating knowledge work, making white-collar jobs precarious. In contrast, physical trades requiring dexterity and on-site problem-solving (e.g., plumbing, painting) are much harder to automate. This will increase the value and demand for skilled blue-collar professionals.

Mala Gaonkar identifies a category of business resistant to AI disruption: proprietary, real-time data providers. Because their data is live and deeply embedded into critical trading and compliance workflows, it is extremely difficult for a static LLM to displace them.

Oren Zeev argues against the narrative that AI will kill all incumbents. He believes businesses with operational complexity, deep data moats, and strong distribution are not easily disrupted. These companies are more likely to leverage AI to their advantage, while simpler software companies are at greater risk.

Historically, technological advancements primarily displaced blue-collar workers first. The current AI revolution is unique because its most immediate and realized disruptions are targeting white-collar, knowledge-based roles, breaking a long-standing pattern of technological impact on the labor market.

Industries with fixed demand (accounting) will see job losses as AI handles the necessary workload. Sectors with expandable demand (software engineering) may absorb AI's productivity gains by creating vastly more output, thus preserving jobs for a longer period.

While AI moves fast in the world of bits, its progress will be constrained in the world of atoms (healthcare, construction, etc.). These sectors have seen little technological change in 50 years and are protected by red tape, unions, and cartels that resist disruption, preventing an overnight transformation.