While headline unemployment remains low, a subtle weakening is occurring through "job downgrading." Workers, particularly in warehouse and retail, are not being laid off but are seeing their weekly hours cut from 40-50 to 30-35. This loss of hours and overtime pay erodes their income and bargaining power without being reflected in official unemployment statistics.
The official unemployment rate is misleadingly low because when disgruntled workers give up looking for a job, they exit the labor force and are no longer counted as 'unemployed.' This artificially improves the headline number while masking underlying economic weakness and anger among young job seekers.
Canada's recent strong GDP and jobs reports are misleading. A deeper look reveals GDP growth was driven by net exports while domestic consumption fell. Likewise, the job gains were exclusively part-time, with full-time employment declining, signaling a fragile underlying economy.
While the headline number of job openings in the JOLTS report appears strong, it's a misleading signal. A record-low quits rate indicates workers are frozen in their jobs and lack confidence in the labor market, painting a picture of stagnation rather than dynamism.
Wage stagnation is not accidental but a result of two concurrent policies. By sending manufacturing jobs overseas and simultaneously bringing in low-wage labor, corporations create a market where domestic workers lose nearly all leverage to demand higher pay for remaining jobs.
Laid-off workers are increasingly turning to gig platforms like Uber instead of filing for unemployment. This trend artificially suppresses unemployment insurance (UI) claims, making this historically reliable indicator less effective at signaling rising joblessness and the true state of the labor market.
The current labor market is characterized by both low hiring and low firing rates. While this appears stable, it makes the economy fragile and more vulnerable to negative shocks. Unlike a high-churn environment, there is little buffer to absorb a sudden downturn, increasing the risk of a rapid deterioration.
Fed Chair Powell highlighted that annual benchmark revisions to labor data could reveal that the U.S. economy is already shedding jobs, contrary to initial reports. This statistical nuance, creating a "curious balance" with a stable unemployment rate, makes the Fed more inclined to cut rates to manage this underlying uncertainty.
Robert Kaplan suggests the labor market's sluggishness might not be a simple cyclical slowdown. He points to a significant "matching problem" where open jobs don't align with the skills of job seekers. This structural issue limits the effectiveness of monetary policy as a solution.
Despite strong GDP and corporate profits, productivity gains are eliminating lower-skilled jobs. BlackRock's Rick Reeder warns this is creating a social problem where aggregate consumption looks healthy, but a segment of the population is being left behind, a dynamic he calls a "travesty."
Senator Warren cautions against relying on the low headline unemployment rate. She points to leading indicators of economic weakness, such as rising unemployment for African Americans and hiring struggles for new graduates, which she calls a "canary in the coal mine" for the broader job market.