Before seeking major funding, Elysian validated its radical aircraft design with skeptical professors from TU Delft and MIT. Winning over these experts provided the critical credibility and third-party proof needed to build investor confidence in their unproven deep-tech concept.

To overcome the construction industry's conservatism, Monumental operates as a subcontractor. This model is easier to sell than a large capital expenditure like a robot, as it fits existing project budgets and workflows, de-risking adoption for general contractors.

Avoid the classic bootstrap vs. raise dilemma by using customer financing. Pre-sell your product or service to a group of early customers. This strategy not only provides the necessary starting capital without giving up equity but also serves as the ultimate form of market validation.

Real estate owners were skeptical of new tech. Instead of focusing on operational cost savings, Metropolis's go-to-market strategy centered on proving they could capture more revenue by eliminating leakage (e.g., when gates are up), which directly increased the underlying value of the real estate asset.

To avoid distracting from its core business, Bolt tests new ventures like scooters and food delivery using a standardized playbook. A small team of 5-10 people is given a modest budget and a six-month timeline to build an MVP and show traction. If successful, they get more funding; if not, the project is shut down.

To land its first skeptical customers like Drada, Merge offered its platform for free for two months without a contract. This de-risked the decision for the customer and allowed Merge to prove its product's value and the team's responsiveness before asking for a financial commitment.

Metropolis couldn't sell its SaaS solution to incumbent parking operators because their business model relied on inefficient labor. These companies operate like staffing agencies on a cost-plus model, creating a fundamental disincentive to adopt tech that would reduce their core revenue stream.

Instead of waiting for a working product, the founders invested in a conference booth with just screenshots. This early, public validation test, though risky, attracted two crucial prospects who became their first customers. This demonstrated market demand before the product was fully built, a move many founders would avoid.

Validate market demand by securing payment from customers before investing significant resources in building anything. This applies to software, hardware, and services, completely eliminating the risk of creating something nobody wants to buy.