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By creating a gold exchange based on physical delivery, China aims to become the global price-setter for gold. This establishes a parallel financial system, allowing international trade to be settled in yuan anchored to gold and directly challenging the dollar's dominance.
The US government officially values its gold at a 1973 price of $42/oz. Updating this to the market price could instantly add nearly a trillion dollars to its balance sheet, which could then back new gold-linked Treasury bonds to compete with China's strategy.
The rise of a US-dollar stablecoin system could provoke rivals like China and Russia to create a competing bloc based on a gold-backed stablecoin. This would lead to a fragmented global financial architecture, similar to the 1930s, with separate, non-interoperable currency zones and bifurcated supply chains.
The US freezing Russian assets and cutting SWIFT access during the Ukraine war demonstrated the risks of relying on the dollar. This prompted countries like China to accelerate their diversification into gold, viewing it as a geopolitically neutral asset to reduce their vulnerability to US foreign policy and sanctions.
Beyond strategic ports, China's maneuvering includes creating financial infrastructure, like a South American gold corridor, as part of a larger strategy to establish a gold-backed currency that could rival and undermine the US dollar's status as the world's reserve currency.
The US dollar reached its peak global dominance in the early 2000s. The world is now gradually shifting to a system where multiple currencies (like the euro and yuan) and neutral assets (like gold) share the role of reserve currency, marking a return to a more historically normal state.
China is the world's largest gold producer and importer and exports none of it, likely holding ten times more than officially stated. A sudden declaration of its true reserves could function as a 'financial declaration of war,' severely threatening the US dollar's global standing.
Unlike in 1971 when the U.S. unilaterally left the gold standard, today's rally is driven by foreign central banks losing confidence in the U.S. dollar. They are actively divesting from dollars into gold, indicating a systemic shift in the global monetary order, not just a U.S. policy change.
China is capitalizing on geopolitical instability from the Iran conflict to advance its de-dollarization agenda. It is increasing the use of the yuan (CNY) in trade settlements with Middle Eastern partners, chipping away at the US dollar's long-held dominance in international finance and energy markets.
By banning paper gold, China forces its citizens' investment appetite into physical gold. This creates a massive, decentralized buying force that drains physical reserves from Western vaults, undermining their ability to run a fractional reserve paper market.
The decline of the US dollar won't result in a simple replacement by the Chinese Yuan. Instead, its core functions are fracturing: 'store of value' is shifting to gold and Bitcoin, while 'medium of exchange' is moving to a multi-polar system of local currencies like the rupee and yuan.