The official cause of Tchaikovsky's death—cholera from unboiled water—is often rejected in favor of suicide conspiracies. This reflects a cultural discomfort with a celebrated artist dying from a mundane disease, preferring a narrative that aligns with the romanticized image of a tortured genius.
The tendency to blame a single entity for disparate negative events isn't about logic but about satisfying a deep psychological need for order and control. This "derangement syndrome" provides a simple, pre-made narrative that assigns blame and creates a sense of understanding, regardless of evidence.
The appeal of complex conspiracies isn't just about information; it's psychological. Believing you are at the center of a vast plot makes life more exciting and meaningful. The realization that one is not important can lead to "secondary depression," making the conspiracy narrative preferable to reality.
Despite harsh laws, homosexuality in 19th-century Russia was often viewed as a personal taste rather than a defining identity. For wealthy, connected individuals like Tchaikovsky, this perception meant the risk of prosecution or public scandal was minimal, allowing for a relatively open secret life.
Artists can become emotionally detached from their own work over time. Experiencing profound personal hardship, while devastating, can be a 'gift' that forces a reconnection with the visceral emotions their music explores. This allows them to see their art through the fans' eyes again, understanding the catharsis their audience experiences on a much deeper level.
For middle-class Russians like Tchaikovsky, music was not a respectable profession. The primary path to social standing was a prestigious and hard-to-attain role as a civil servant, a career he pursued for years before his father encouraged him to switch to music.
Tsar Alexander III, promoting an ideology of Russian exceptionalism, used Tchaikovsky's work for political ends. By celebrating him as a distinctly 'Russian' composer and bestowing state honors, the regime transformed his art into a tool for advancing a nationalist agenda of cultural separation from Western Europe.
The human brain resists ambiguity and seeks closure. When a significant, factual event occurs but is followed by a lack of official information (often for legitimate investigative reasons), this creates an "open loop." People will naturally invent narratives to fill that void, giving rise to conspiracy theories.
While Tchaikovsky was a fervent Russian patriot, his focus on folk traditions and national identity was part of a wider 19th-century European Romantic movement. His 'Russianness,' far from being unique, was an expression of a continental trend celebrating national character in art.
Feeling the pressure of social convention, Tchaikovsky impulsively proposed to a woman he barely knew. His immediate and profound regret—marked by bursting into tears at the wedding and fleeing the marriage—demonstrates a tragic conflict between his personal reality and the societal duty he felt compelled to perform.
Posthumous narratives of Tchaikovsky's life reflect the biases of later eras. Soviet historians actively erased evidence of his homosexuality to fit a state-sanctioned image, while Western scholars often over-emphasized it, framing him as a tortured 'gay composer' to fit their own cultural narratives.