Standard discovery questions about 'pain points' are too broad. Instead, focus on concrete 'projects on their to-do list.' This reveals their immediate priorities, existing attempts, and the specific 'pull' that will drive a purchase, allowing you to align your solution perfectly.

A potential customer can logically agree with your framing of their problem yet have no intent to buy. True demand isn't intellectual agreement; it's a palpable force. You must sense the pressure of them actively pushing against a wall. A customer leaning back and nodding is a red flag.

Sales teams often treat discovery as a prerequisite to their demo, blindly searching for any 'problem' to pitch to. This wastes up to 90% of the call because they aren't listening for the customer's true, top-priority need, leading to sales *despite* the call, not because of it.

Some of the largest markets address needs customers have completely given up on because no viable solution existed. This powerful latent demand is invisible if you only observe current activities. You must uncover the high-priority goals on their mental "to-do list" that they have quit trying to achieve.

To test for genuine 'pull,' a founder should challenge a prospect's need rather than sell to it. By asking questions like, 'Why can't you just do this with your existing options?' you force the prospect to articulate why their problem is urgent and unsolvable. This 'leaning back' approach makes high-intent buyers sell you on their problem.

Most problems customers describe are "pain points" they won't act on. You can't distinguish these from real, actionable demand ("pull") through interviews alone. The only true test is presenting a viable solution and attempting to sell it. Their reaction—whether they try to pull it from you—is the only reliable signal.

Directly asking customers for solutions yields generic answers your competitors also hear. The goal is to uncover their underlying problems, which is your job to solve, not theirs to articulate. This approach leads to unique insights and avoids creating 'me-too' products.

Since "blocked" demand is unobservable, you must ask questions that reveal it indirectly. Asking "If I spent $100M to build something for you, what problem would it solve?" forces customers to consider their most critical, unaddressed needs, bypassing their current behaviors and revealing latent demand.

Instead of focusing on tactical issues, ask potential customers what they would wish for if they had a magic wand. This prompts them to describe their ideal, transformative solution, revealing the deeper, more valuable problem you should be solving.