Many investors focus on the current size of a company's competitive advantage. A better indicator of future success is the direction of that moat—is it growing or shrinking? Focusing on the trajectory helps avoid value traps like Nokia in 2007, which had a wide but deteriorating moat.

The 'company age' factor is not predictive on its own. MDT's decision tree model uses it to create context, asking different questions about young companies versus mature ones. For example, valuation proves to be a much more important factor for older, established businesses.

With AI enabling precise control over media spend, key performance indicators are changing. Brands now move beyond simple Return on Ad Spend (ROAS) to more sophisticated metrics like incremental ROAS and contribution margin, reflecting a new emphasis on profitable growth rather than just volume.

Some companies execute a 3-5 year plan and then revert to average returns. Others 'win by winning'—their success creates new opportunities and network effects, turning them into decade-long compounders that investors often sell too early.

Jim Cramer suggests evaluating stocks not just on current metrics, but on their "Total Opportunity Value"—the potential scale if their vision is fully realized. This framework, exemplified by Netflix's evolution from DVDs to a global media giant, prioritizes optimistic, long-term potential over short-term risk.

Escape the trap of chasing top-line revenue. Instead, make contribution margin (revenue minus COGS, ad spend, and discounts) your primary success metric. This provides a truer picture of business health and aligns the entire organization around profitable, sustainable growth rather than vanity metrics.

Financial models struggle to project sustained high growth rates (>30% YoY). Analysts naturally revert to the mean, causing them to undervalue companies that defy this and maintain high growth for years, creating an opportunity for investors who spot this persistence.

The secret to top-tier long-term results is not achieving the highest returns in any single year. Instead, it's about achieving average returns that can be sustained for an exceptionally long time. This "strategic mediocrity" allows compounding to work its magic, outperforming more volatile strategies over decades.