Clarify M&A strategy with the "Four T’s": Talent (acqui-hires), Tech (IP acceleration), Traction (customers/revenue), and Terrain (long-term bets). Each has different diligence needs and success metrics, and companies should build M&A muscle by mastering them in that order.

Before hunting for acquisitions, the internal business owner (deal sponsor) must write a thesis answering "what problem are we solving?" This prevents reactive M&A driven by inbound opportunities and ensures strategic alignment from the start, separating the "why" from the "who."

Canva avoids a delegated M&A team. The COO personally sponsors acquisitions, focusing on the acquired founder's motivations and cultural fit—often assessed over a drink. This deeply personal approach ensures the founder's vision aligns with Canva's distribution power, leading to successful integrations and high founder retention.

The foundation of a new M&A function is deep internal alignment. Before looking outward, the first month should be dedicated to interviewing internal product leaders and SMEs to understand the business, product roadmap, and strategic direction from the inside out.

Large companies rarely make cold acquisition offers. The typical path is a gradual process starting with a partnership or a small investment. This allows the acquirer to conduct due diligence from the inside, understand the startup's value, and build relationships before escalating to a full buyout.

A robust M&A strategy isn't built in a vacuum. Snowflake's CorpDev team continuously gathers intelligence from three sources: VCs (capital flow), entrepreneurs (innovation), and internal product leaders (strategic needs). This triangulation allows them to form a holistic and actionable market view.

Lemlist's M&A thesis focuses on acquiring companies like Clapp, which had a superior product built by just seven people but lacked market reach. They believe Clapp is a '$20M ARR product' trapped at $2M ARR, creating an opportunity to plug strong tech into their own powerful distribution engine for rapid growth.

Palo Alto Networks dedicates the majority of its M&A diligence to co-developing a multi-year product roadmap with the target's team. This ensures full strategic alignment before the deal is signed, avoiding the common failure mode where product visions clash after the acquisition is complete.

The most challenging M&A negotiation often happens internally, not with the seller. CorpDev must convince internal product and engineering leaders to abandon their own projects and commit resources to an acquisition, especially when it directly replaces an in-house effort. Gaining this buy-in is critical for success.