The most effective operators, dubbed 'dolphins,' can fluidly move between altitudes: operating strategically at 10,000 feet with founders, managing at 5,000 feet, and executing tactically in the weeds at 1,000 feet. This ability to oscillate is a key trait to hire for, especially in advisory or early-stage leadership roles.

Treat hiring as a compounding flywheel. A new employee should not only be a great contributor but also make the company more attractive to future A-players, whether through their network, reputation, or interview presence. This focus on recruiting potential ensures talent density increases over time.

At Vanguard, strong job performance alone is insufficient for career longevity. The company's culture, shaped by leaders like Jack Brennan, mandates that managers must also excel at developing and leading their people, making management skill a core requirement for success.

Delaying key hires to find the "perfect" candidate is a mistake. The best outcomes come from building a strong team around the founder early on, even if it requires calibration later. Waiting for ideal additions doesn't create better companies; early execution talent does.

Palo Alto Networks' founder advises that when facing a 10x leap in scale, founders who haven't navigated that stage should hire leaders who have. Rather than being a hero and learning on the job, it's safer and more effective to bring in proven experience to de-risk the next phase of growth.

Before hiring for a critical function like growth marketing, Gamma's CEO spent 6-12 months doing the job himself. This immersion taught him what "great" looks like, preventing a bad hire and ensuring he could properly lead the function he was delegating.