The printing press didn't just spread information; it forged modern nations. By concentrating publishing in major cities, it standardized local vernaculars (e.g., Parisian French), creating linguistic communities that became the foundation for national identity and replaced the pan-European Latin elite.
Related Insights
The printing press wasn't conceived for Bibles or intellectual enlightenment. It was a commercial hustle by Gutenberg to automate the production of "indulgences"—paid certificates from the Catholic Church promising salvation. The press solved a production bottleneck for a highly profitable product.
In a diverse, multi-ethnic country, national identity cannot be based on ancestry or "bloodline." Instead, it can be rooted in a shared abstract value. Canada's unifying identity is positioned as "freedom"—the common reason people have historically immigrated, providing a non-ethnic foundation for unity.
Thriving civilizations first become masters of imitation, openly absorbing ideas and technologies from other cultures through trade and migration. This diverse pool of borrowed 'ingredients' becomes the foundation for true innovation, which is the novel combination of existing concepts.
The centralizing technologies of the 20th century (mass media, mass production) are being superseded by decentralizing ones (internet, crypto). This is causing history to "run in reverse," with modern events mirroring 19th-century patterns like the rise of robber baron-like figures and the fracturing of empires.
Today's rapid language death is primarily fueled by utilitarian choices, not just oppression. Speakers of smaller languages voluntarily switch to dominant ones like English or Swahili to provide their children with better economic opportunities, viewing the ancestral tongue as a barrier to prosperity.
A language's global status is a function of the social, political, and economic power of its speakers. English, once considered a "crude" language spoken on an island, spread through imperialism and the economic rise of English-speaking nations, not because it is an inherently better or simpler language.
While linguistic diversity is celebrated, from a purely utilitarian perspective, a single global language would be the most efficient system for humanity. The existence of 7,000 languages is an accident of historical separation, not a designed feature for optimal communication or flourishing.
The printing press, a technology financed by the Catholic Church to solidify its power, was weaponized by Martin Luther to dismantle that same power. By printing pamphlets with bullet-pointed arguments, he bypassed the establishment's information monopoly, acting as the first mass-media disruptor.
New technology can ignite violent conflict by making ideological differences concrete and non-negotiable. The printing press did this with religion, leading to one of Europe's bloodiest wars. AI could do the same by forcing humanity to confront divisive questions like transhumanism and the definition of humanity, potentially leading to similar strife.
Unlike the past, when languages could diverge into new forms within centuries, modern widespread literacy and constant media exposure act as a brake on linguistic change. English in a thousand years may still be largely comprehensible to us, a stark contrast to previous rates of evolution.