A senior engineer's greatest impact often comes not from being the deepest technical expert, but from having enough context across multiple domains (marketing, PR, engineering) to act as a translator. They synthesize information and help teams with deep expertise navigate complex, cross-functional decisions.

Your undergraduate major is not deterministic for a scientific career. Professor Koenen studied economics and took no biology or genetics courses as an undergrad. The quantitative skills from her non-science major proved highly valuable later, showing that diverse educational backgrounds can be an asset.

Career growth isn't just vertical; it can be more powerful laterally. Transferring skills from one industry to another provides a unique perspective. For example, using music industry insights on audience behavior to solve a marketing challenge for a video game launch.

Recent billion-dollar successes in the French biotech ecosystem, such as Abivax and Medincel, are largely credited to their management teams. These leaders often have significant experience working in the US and other countries. This global perspective enables them to develop assets for a worldwide market, navigate different regulatory environments, and attract international funding, breaking the mold of previously localized French biotechs.

Blippar's CMO, who couldn't code, attributes her success to translating complex technology into compelling messages. Turning 'image recognition computer vision' into 'the Harry Potterification of print' is a superpower that bridges the gap between innovators and the market, proving more valuable than technical expertise alone.

A Boehringer Ingelheim executive noted a key differentiator of Korean biotechs: they enter initial partnership discussions with a well-defined strategy and understanding of their needs. This "readiness to partner" accelerates deal-making and demonstrates a higher level of business sophistication compared to many global counterparts.

Larroudé's co-founders identify their dual Brazilian-American citizenship as a key "lucky" advantage. This allowed them to understand the US consumer market while expertly navigating Brazil's massive footwear manufacturing industry. Founders should seek opportunities where their personal history provides an edge no competitor can replicate.

Generalists' broad skillsets allow them to communicate effectively with sales, product, and rev-ops. This 'multi-lingual' ability is critical for gaining the buy-in necessary for complex strategies like ABM, giving them an edge over siloed specialists by getting them into more strategic conversations.

Don't default to hiring people who have "done the job before," even at another startup. Unconventional hires from different backgrounds (e.g., archaeologists in customer success) can create unique creativity. The priority should be finding the right fit for your company's specific stage and needs, not just checking an experience box.