Major tech companies are investing in their own customers, creating a self-reinforcing loop of capital that inflates demand and valuations. This dangerous practice mirrors the vendor financing tactics of the dot-com era (e.g., Nortel), which led to a systemic collapse when external capital eventually dried up.

Former Sun CEO Scott McNeely's breakdown of a 10x revenue multiple reveals its absurdity. To justify it, a company would need 100% of revenues as dividends for 10 years, with zero costs, R&D, or taxes. This simple arithmetic serves as a timeless sanity check against hype-driven valuations.

When a company's valuation is based on profits projected decades into the future, it reaches a critical point. Investors eventually stop buying into even more distant projections, causing a stall as they wait for reality to catch up or sell to others who still believe.

Current AI investment patterns mirror the "round-tripping" seen in the late '90s tech bubble. For example, NVIDIA invests billions in a startup like OpenAI, which then uses that capital to purchase NVIDIA chips. This creates an illusion of demand and inflated valuations, masking the lack of real, external customer revenue.

The startup landscape now operates under two different sets of rules. Non-AI companies face intense scrutiny on traditional business fundamentals like profitability. In contrast, AI companies exist in a parallel reality of 'irrational exuberance,' where compelling narratives justify sky-high valuations.

Companies like Tesla and Oracle achieve massive valuations not through profits, but by capturing the dominant market story, such as becoming an "AI company." Investors should analyze a company's ability to create and own the next compelling narrative.

In a late-stage bubble, investor expectations are so high that even flawless financial results, like Nvidia's record-breaking revenue, fail to boost the stock price. This disconnect signals that market sentiment is saturated and fragile, responding more to narrative than fundamentals.

Swisher draws a direct parallel between NVIDIA and Cisco. While NVIDIA is profitable selling AI chips, its customers are not. She predicts major tech players will develop their own chips, eroding NVIDIA's unsustainable valuation, just as the market for routers consolidated and crashed Cisco's stock.

The stock market is not overvalued based on historical metrics; it's a forward-looking mechanism pricing in massive future productivity gains from AI and deregulation. Investors are betting on a fundamentally more efficient economy, justifying valuations that seem detached from today's reality.