Effective leadership in an innovation-driven company isn't about being 'tough' but 'demanding' of high standards. The Novonesis CEO couples this with an explicit acceptance of failure as an inherent part of R&D, stressing the need to 'fail fast' and learn from it.

Jensen views pain and suffering not as obstacles but as essential ingredients for building character and resilience, which he considers superpowers more valuable than intelligence. He believes greatness is formed from people who have suffered and learned to handle setbacks.

Resilience isn't about avoiding failure but about developing the ability to recover from it swiftly. Experiencing public failure and learning to move on builds a crucial 'muscle' for rebounding. This capacity to bounce back from a loss is more critical for long-term success than maintaining a perfect record.

Resilience is not a learned trait for entrepreneurs but a fundamental prerequisite for survival. If you are still in business, you have already demonstrated it. The nature of entrepreneurship, where the 'buck stops with you,' naturally selects for those who are resilient and adaptable.

VCs can handle pivots and financial struggles. Their primary nightmare is a founder who quits. A startup's ultimate survival hinges on the founder's psychological resilience and refusal to give up, not just market or product risk.

The transition from a resource-rich environment like Novartis to an early-stage biotech reveals a stark contrast. The unlimited access to a global organization is replaced by a total reliance on a small, nimble team where everyone must be multi-skilled and hands-on, a change even experienced executives find jarring.

Resolution Therapeutics' CEO builds his team with leaders from varied backgrounds across different diseases and drug modalities. He believes this diversity creates more robust problem-solving, as challenges that are novel in one area may have been solved in another, enabling faster and more informed decisions.

While success is celebrated publicly, some of the best leadership happens privately when a CEO makes the tough, candid call to shut down a program or company due to unfavorable data. This "truth-seeking" decision, often against their personal interest, is a hallmark of excellence.

The industry over-celebrates financial winners. Equal praise should be given to leaders who, despite poor financial outcomes, successfully pioneer new scientific ground or persevere to get a drug approved for a high unmet need. Their work provides crucial groundwork for future successes.