The performance ceiling for non-invasive Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) is rising dramatically, not from better sensors, but from advanced AI. New models can extract high-fidelity signals from noisy data collected outside the skull, potentially making surgical implants like Neuralink unnecessary for sophisticated use cases.

Red light therapy has systemic, not just local, effects. In one study, illuminating a small patch on participants' backs with red light before a glucose challenge reduced their peak blood sugar spike by over 20%. This suggests mitochondria communicate body-wide to create a systemic metabolic response.

The unbalanced, short-wavelength-heavy spectrum of common LED lights, which lacks counteracting long-wavelength red light, may cause systemic mitochondrial dysfunction. Some scientists believe this is a major public health issue with a potential impact comparable to that of asbestos.

The visual benefits of red light therapy are not cumulative or gradual but act like a binary switch. A single session produces a measurable improvement in vision that lasts for approximately five days before abruptly switching off. This finding informs the optimal frequency for light therapy protocols targeting eye health.

The next frontier for Neuralink is "blindsight," restoring vision by stimulating the brain. The primary design challenge isn't just technical; it's creating a useful visual representation with very few "pixels" of neural stimulation. The problem is akin to designing a legible, life-like image using Atari-level graphics.

Long-wavelength light (red and infrared) is not blocked by skin or even bone. It passes through tissues and scatters internally, affecting mitochondria throughout the body. Experiments show that light shone on a person's chest can be detected coming out of their back, confirming deep-body penetration.

While specific, medically-approved red light therapies show promise for treating conditions like macular degeneration, consumer-grade devices bought online are often unstandardized. They can emit the wrong energy levels, potentially burning the retina and causing irreversible harm.

The push for energy-efficient LEDs came at a biological cost. These bulbs save energy by omitting parts of the light spectrum, like infrared, present in natural sunlight. This results in an unnatural, blue-heavy light that fails to provide the full-spectrum signals our bodies need to regulate circadian rhythms.

Mice living under standard LED lighting develop significant health problems, including fatty livers, smaller kidneys and hearts, unbalanced blood glucose, and anxiety-like behaviors. This suggests the unbalanced light spectrum in modern indoor environments may have profound, detrimental systemic effects on mammalian health.