When entering a new industry with zero experience, your first step shouldn't be learning, but hiring. Travis tried to hire an expert from a competitor. When that failed, he hired laborers and learned the craft alongside them on the very first job, demonstrating a radical "learn-by-doing" approach.

To improve hiring decisions, founders should proactively meet top performers in roles they anticipate needing in 2-3 quarters. This isn't for immediate hiring but to build a mental model of excellence for that specific function and stage, which sharpens intuition when you do start recruiting.

Figma's founder, Dylan Field, admits he was a poor manager initially. His solution was to hire experienced leaders he could learn from directly, like his first director of engineering. This flips the traditional hiring dynamic; instead of hiring subordinates, insecure founders should hire mentors who can teach them essential skills and push the company forward.

Before hiring for a critical function, founders should do the job themselves, even if they aren't experts. The goal isn't mastery, but to deeply understand the role's challenges. This experience is crucial for setting a high hiring bar and being able to accurately assess if a candidate will truly up-level the team.

When facing a new business bottleneck, Ladder's CEO Greg Stewart enters a "cave" of intense, focused study to become an expert. He went from a non-creator to mastering the TikTok algorithm, demonstrating that founders can learn and execute on critical functions themselves without immediate hiring.

Top entrepreneurs don't just build a product; they become historians of their domain. They study predecessors, understand market evolution, and learn from past attempts. This deep historical knowledge, seen in founders of Stripe and Airbnb, is a key differentiator and trait of the very best.

A common trait among exceptional founders is a deep, almost academic, understanding of their industry's history. They learn from every past attempt, success, and failure. This historical context allows them to innovate with a unique perspective and avoid the pitfalls that doomed their predecessors, a sign of true commitment and expertise.

Amazon's "bar raiser" concept involves hiring senior experts who elevate the entire team's standard. This is crucial for areas where leadership lacks deep domain knowledge, as it avoids slow, on-the-job learning and brings in immediate, high-level expertise.

Before hiring for a critical function like growth marketing, Gamma's CEO spent 6-12 months doing the job himself. This immersion taught him what "great" looks like, preventing a bad hire and ensuring he could properly lead the function he was delegating.