AI agents will control vast amounts of consumer purchasing intent, similar to Google Search. This gives platforms like Google and OpenAI the opportunity to move beyond advertising and vertically integrate, offering services like tax preparation or insurance directly, thereby competing with their current top customers.
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While competitors focus on subscription models for their AI tools, Google's primary strategy is to leverage its core advertising business. By integrating sponsored results into its AI-powered search summaries, Google is the first to turn on an ad-based revenue model for generative AI at scale, posing a significant threat to subscription-reliant players like OpenAI.
OpenAI plans to personalize ads not just on immediate queries but by analyzing a user's entire chat history. This creates a powerful hybrid of Google's intent-based advertising and Meta's interest-based profiling, going beyond simple sponsored links to offer deeply contextual promotions.
By creating an open standard for AI shopping agents with major retailers, Google is making a classic platform play. Rather than building a walled garden, it's defining the rules of the road. This ensures its own AI agents (and accompanying ad products) will be central to the future of e-commerce, regardless of which companies build on the protocol.
Google's Universal Commerce Protocol allows users to buy products or book demos directly in AI-powered search results. Marketing success is no longer about site clicks, but about influencing decisions and completing transactions within Google’s ecosystem, a fundamental change for all marketers.
ZocDoc's CEO argues that because multiple AI agents (from Google, OpenAI, etc.) are competing for users, they must integrate with essential real-world services like ZocDoc, DoorDash, and Uber to be useful. This gives service platforms significant negotiating power they never had in Google's search monopoly era.
Unlike competitors who specialize, Google is the only company operating at scale across all four key layers of the AI stack. It has custom silicon (TPUs), a major cloud platform (GCP), a frontier foundational model (Gemini), and massive application distribution (Search, YouTube). This vertical integration is a unique strategic advantage in the AI race.
OpenAI's partnership with Stripe to enable in-app purchases transforms ChatGPT from an information tool into a transactional platform. This creates a frictionless sales channel for e-commerce brands, directly challenging Google's established search-to-purchase business model.
Unlike Google's ad-based model, future AI platforms like ChatGPT may vertically integrate and fulfill user requests directly. Instead of sending traffic to a real estate agent, the AI might become the real estate agent, capturing the entire value chain and eliminating the need for third-party businesses.
Similar to how mobile gave rise to the App Store, AI platforms like OpenAI and Perplexity will create their own ecosystems for discovering and using services. The next wave of winning startups will be those built to distribute through these new agent-based channels, while incumbents may be slow to adapt.
While Google aggressively pushes AI search, this new model lacks a proven advertising equivalent. This creates a fundamental tension where product innovation directly threatens its primary revenue source. Google's greatest strength—its search monopoly—is also its greatest vulnerability in the AI transition.
