An 800-year-old framework from philosopher Thomas Aquinas reveals that investor dissatisfaction stems from misdirected desires. These four "idols" manifest as modern investor archetypes: the Accumulator (wealth), the Controller (power), the Speculator (pleasure), and the Narrator (honor).

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Your sense of financial well-being is not determined by your absolute wealth but by the equation: what you have minus what you want. A person with modest means who desires nothing more can be far happier than a billionaire who constantly strives for a higher net worth.

While technical analysis has its place, true long-term success in markets is overwhelmingly determined by one's inner journey. Mastering self-awareness, emotional discipline, and psychological biases is far more crucial than mastering complex financial models.

The "Liking-Loving Tendency" causes investors to identify personally with their holdings. They ignore faults, favor associated things, and distort facts to maintain positive feelings. This emotional attachment leads them to rationalize bad news and hold deteriorating assets for too long, destroying capital.

Post-mortems of bad investments reveal the cause is never a calculation error but always a psychological bias or emotional trap. Sequoia catalogs ~40 of these, including failing to separate the emotional 'thrill of the chase' from the clinical, objective assessment required for sound decision-making.

Feeling wealthy is not about hitting an absolute net worth figure but about managing the gap between what you have and what you want. A person with modest means but few desires can feel richer than a billionaire who constantly craves more. This reframes wealth as a psychological state controlled by managing expectations.

Thinking of yourself as a "saver" rather than an "investor" promotes a prudent and disciplined approach. It removes the get-rich-quick mentality often associated with investing, which leads to poor decisions and speculative behavior.

To uncover your primary driver among money, power, pleasure, and honor, use elimination. Forcing yourself to discard the ones you care about least reveals the one that truly motivates you, which is often the source of your future regrets.

The pursuit of wealth as a final goal leads to misery because money is only a tool. True satisfaction comes from engaging in meaningful work you would enjoy even if it failed. Prioritizing purpose over profit is essential, as wealth cannot buy self-respect or happiness.

Money serves two functions: as a tool to improve your quality of life or as a measuring stick to gauge self-worth and social standing. The latter is seductive because it's easily quantifiable (net worth, income), causing people to over-optimize for it at the expense of unmeasurable but more important things.

Mother Nature wired us for survival and procreation, not contentment. This creates primal urges for money, power, and pleasure that we mistakenly believe will lead to happiness. Achieving well-being requires consciously choosing higher aspirations over these misleading animal instincts.