Political deadlines like military pay dates are often overcome. The true forcing mechanism for ending a prolonged government shutdown is the breakdown of essential services that cause widespread public pain, such as air traffic control disruptions or the cessation of welfare benefits like WIC and SNAP.
The economic cost of a government shutdown is not gradual. It is negligible for the first two weeks, becomes tangible at three to four weeks as paychecks are missed, and grows exponentially after a month as critical government services and benefits begin to break down, causing widespread disruption.
The legal requirement to calculate the Social Security Cost of Living Adjustment (COLA) using Q3 CPI data is forcing the Bureau of Labor Statistics to recall workers and produce the September CPI report, even while other government functions are halted.
October's jobs report will likely show a significant drop in federal employment, independent of the shutdown. This is due to an estimated 80,000-100,000 workers who took voluntary buyouts earlier in the year and remained on payroll only until the fiscal year ended in September.
An alternative data point from Equifax reveals significant economic stress. The delinquency rate for subprime auto loans (borrowers with scores below 660) has reached 10%, a level higher than that observed during the 2008-2009 global financial crisis, signaling trouble for lower-income households.
Affordable Care Act (ACA) premium subsidies directly impact inflation data by lowering out-of-pocket medical costs measured by the CPI. Their introduction reduced top-line CPI by 0.3 percentage points; if they expire, a "whipsaw" effect could add that same amount back to reported inflation.
During government data blackouts, economists can approximate the official BLS payroll survey with high accuracy. An average of private payroll data from ADP and Revealio Labs has shown a 95% correlation with the government's numbers over the past five years, suggesting underlying job growth is near zero.