The key for enterprises isn't integrating general AI like ChatGPT but creating "proprietary intelligence." This involves fine-tuning smaller, custom models on their unique internal data and workflows, creating a competitive moat that off-the-shelf solutions cannot replicate.
The winning strategy in the AI data market has evolved beyond simply finding smart people. Leading companies differentiate with research teams that anticipate the future data requirements of models, innovating on data types for reasoning and STEM before being asked.
The era of simple data labeling is over. Frontier AI models now require complex, expert-generated data to break current capabilities and advance research. Data providers like Turing now act as strategic research partners to AI labs, not just data factories.
The AI revolution may favor incumbents, not just startups. Large companies possess vast, proprietary datasets. If they quickly fine-tune custom LLMs with this data, they can build a formidable competitive moat that an AI startup, starting from scratch, cannot easily replicate.
The sudden arrival of powerful AI like GPT-3 was a non-repeatable event: training on the entire internet and all existing books. With this data now fully "eaten," future advancements will feel more incremental, relying on the slower process of generating new, high-quality expert data.
In domains like coding and math where correctness is automatically verifiable, AI can move beyond imitating humans (RLHF). Using pure reinforcement learning, or "experiential learning," models learn via self-play and can discover novel, superhuman strategies similar to AlphaGo's Move 37.
Training models like GPT-4 involves two stages. First, "pre-training" consumes the internet to create a powerful but unfocused base model (“raw brain mass”). Second, "post-training" uses expert human feedback (SFT and RLHF) to align this raw intelligence into a useful, harmless assistant like ChatGPT.