The widely expected 25 basis point rate cut was overshadowed by two dissents—one for a larger cut and one for holding rates steady. This internal division, along with four reserve banks requesting no discount rate change, signals significant uncertainty and disagreement within the Fed about the future path of monetary policy.
The recent widening of long-end swap spreads was driven by expectations for a benchmark rate change and an earlier end to QT. The FOMC meeting disappointed on both fronts, causing spreads to narrow as the specific catalysts priced by the market failed to materialize. This highlights how granular policy expectations drive specific market instruments.
The European Central Bank's stable, "on hold" position has created a low-volatility environment for European rates. This policy predictability supports specific trading strategies, such as tactical range trading, using call spreads instead of outright long duration, and shorting gamma to capitalize on the expectation of continued low delivered volatility.
The market's significant reaction was not to the anticipated rate cut, but to Chair Powell's direct press conference statement that a December cut was "not a foregone conclusion. Far from it." This demonstrates how a central bank chair's specific phrasing and communication style can be a more powerful market-moving catalyst than the policy decision itself.