Despite analysts' neutral stance, EM local rates outperformed expectations. The Fed's hawkishness flattened the US Treasury yield curve, causing the long end to perform better. This unexpected dynamic pulled EM government bond yields lower, delivering gains for investors in local rates.

Despite a major geopolitical shock, Emerging Market currencies have held up remarkably well. In contrast, EM rates markets have shown significant stress, indicating painful positioning squeezes and a reassessment of inflation risks by investors. This divergence signals underlying strength in some areas but reveals hidden fragilities in others.

A potential drop in oil prices may cool headline inflation, but it won't necessarily stop Emerging Market central banks from tightening. Underlying price pressures from sticky services inflation, strong demand, and supply bottlenecks will keep core inflation elevated, maintaining the bias towards further rate hikes.

Unlike the 2022 energy shock post-Ukraine invasion, the current market is not emerging from a decade of zero interest rates. U.S. real rates are already positive, and EM economies have built up buffers after being stress-tested, making a repeat of 2022's widespread defaults less likely.

Initially, the rate sell-off was driven by a pro-cyclical growth outlook, causing lower-yielding markets to underperform. Now, as high energy prices hurt risk appetite, the pressure is shifting to higher-yielding, high-beta markets, indicating a potential tipping point in market dynamics.

Markets often over-focus on relative interest rate policy when analyzing currencies. During an energy crisis, the macroeconomic effect of rising oil prices is a far more powerful driver. The disproportionate negative impact on energy-importing economies like Japan and Europe will weigh on their currencies more than any central bank actions.

A hawkish Fed raises real US yields while lower oil prices reduce inflation expectations (break-evens). This specific combination has historically been the most damaging environment for emerging market fixed income assets, creating a dual headwind for investors.

Contrary to the broad focus on Fed policy, emerging market sovereign credit spreads show greater sensitivity to oil prices. This is evident in the diverging performance of oil-importers like Kenya (spreads tighter) versus oil-exporters like Nigeria (spreads wider) as oil prices fell.

The market's focus hasn't truly shifted from geopolitics to macroeconomics. Instead, geopolitical tensions, like the U.S.-Iran conflict, are now a primary input for inflation data through their impact on energy prices. This directly influences expectations for central bank policy.