A core strategy for policy impact is to make it as easy as possible for busy decision-makers to act on your ideas. This involves doing their follow-up work, aligning stakeholders, and presenting a clear path to get a decision over the finish line.

To predict a project's success, move beyond lagging indicators like schedule and budget. Instead, monitor leading indicators like the rate and "stickiness" of decisions, the stability of interfaces between subsystems, and how proactively risks are surfaced and addressed. These day-to-day factors determine the ultimate outcome.

Don't wait until Phase 3 to think about commercialization. Biotech firms must embed secondary endpoints in Phase 2 trials that capture quality of life and patient journey insights. This data is critical for building a compelling value proposition that resonates with payers and secures market access.

Relying on activity metrics like the number of meetings is a flawed way to gauge an MSL's effectiveness, as activity is just "noise." Real impact is measured by tangible changes in the healthcare system, such as improved diagnosis rates or better guideline adherence, requiring a shift away from activity-based KPIs.

Don't dismiss high-leverage but hard-to-measure interventions like government capacity building. Use "cost-effectiveness thinking": create back-of-the-envelope calculations and estimate success probabilities. This imposes quantitative discipline on qualitative decisions, avoiding the streetlight effect of only focusing on what's easily measured.

Treat government programs as experiments. Define success metrics upfront and set a firm deadline. If the program fails to achieve its stated goals by that date, it should be automatically disbanded rather than being given more funding. This enforces accountability.

Recognizing that policy change is difficult, IFP adopts a venture capital mindset. They maximize their "shots on goal" on high-expected-value policies, accepting a low success rate. The few major wins they achieve are impactful enough to justify the entire portfolio of attempts.

While Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) measure past results, Cultural Performance Indicators (CPIs) like 'trust flow' or 'decision latency' quantify the human conditions that predict future outcomes. Paired together, they provide a complete view of systemic health.

When goals depend on external partners, it's hard to pace your outreach. Instead of guessing, treat it like an experiment. Set a weekly conversation goal as a hypothesis (e.g., two meetings/week) and measure the yield (e.g., one "yes" to collaborate). This data-informed approach helps quantify the actual effort needed to reach larger strategic goals.