The term "middle market" is too broad for risk assessment. KKR's analysis indicates that default risk and performance dispersion are not uniform. Instead, they will be most pronounced in the lower, smaller end of the middle market, while the larger companies in the upper-middle market remain more resilient.

The REIT market transformed from four highly correlated sectors (office, industrial, retail, residential) to a diverse universe including data centers and towers. Secular risks like e-commerce mean subsectors no longer move in unison, demanding specialized analysis rather than general real estate knowledge.

Identifying flawed investments, especially in opaque markets like private credit, is rarely about one decisive discovery. It involves assembling a 'mosaic' from many small pieces of information and red flags. This gradual build-up of evidence is what allows for an early, profitable exit before negatives become obvious to all.

Tech giants are shifting from asset-light models to massive capital expenditures, resembling utility companies. This is a red flag, as historical data shows that heavy investment in physical assets—unlike intangible assets—tends to predict future stock underperformance.

Effective due diligence isn't a checklist, but the collection of many small data points—revenue, team retention, customer love, CVC interest. A strong investment is a "beam" where all points align positively. Any misalignment creates doubt and likely signals a "no," adhering to the "if it's not a hell yes, it's a no" rule.

Unlike prior tech revolutions funded mainly by equity, the AI infrastructure build-out is increasingly reliant on debt. This blurs the line between speculative growth capital (equity) and financing for predictable cash flows (debt), magnifying potential losses and increasing systemic failure risk if the AI boom falters.

Credit investors should look beyond direct AI companies. According to Victoria Fernandez, the massive infrastructure build-out for AI creates a significant tailwind for power and energy companies, offering a less crowded investment thesis with potentially wider spreads and strong fundamentals.

Corporations are increasingly shifting from asset-heavy to capital-light models, often through complex transactions like sale-leasebacks. This strategic trend creates bespoke financing needs that are better served by the flexible solutions of private credit providers than by rigid public markets.

Instead of betting on which AI models or applications will win, Karmel Capital focuses on the infrastructure layer (neocloud companies). This "pick and shovel" strategy provides exposure to the entire ecosystem's growth with lower valuations and less risk, as infrastructure is essential regardless of who wins at the top layers.