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To avoid a central database of iris scans, Worldcoin splits biometric data into multiple pieces and sends them to different computers (Multi-Party Computation). This allows a uniqueness check to be performed without any single entity ever possessing the complete data, preserving user privacy.

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The project initially used "Proof of Personhood" but switched to "Proof of Human." This was a deliberate choice to future-proof the concept, acknowledging that AIs might eventually be granted legal personhood, whereas "human" remains a distinct biological category that hardware can verify.

Traditional identity methods like government IDs, "web of trust" social graphs, and facial biometrics are inadequate for a global proof of human system. They fail on scalability, privacy, or vulnerability to sophisticated AI that can mimic human behavior and create fake trust networks.

Experian's security strategy goes beyond simple encryption by 'sharding' data. An individual's personal information is broken into pieces and stored in separate, encrypted locations, meaning a hacker must breach multiple systems to assemble a complete profile.

The key to defending platforms from Sybil attacks isn't to police AI-generated content, which will become ubiquitous. Instead, the focus should be on ensuring "uniqueness"—the principle that one individual can only have a limited number of accounts. This prevents a single actor from creating thousands of bots and overwhelming the system.

Unlike phone unlocking (a 1-to-1 match), proving a user is unique requires comparing them to every other user in the network (a 1-to-N problem). This requires a biometric with exponential information entropy, like the iris, because faces and fingerprints lack the uniqueness to scale to billions of users.

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To combat bots without compromising its core value of anonymity, Reddit is exploring human verification. CEO Steve Huffman identifies passkeys (like Face ID or Touch ID) as a key technology because they require a physical human presence to authenticate, proving a person is "in seat" without revealing their real-world identity.

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Worldcoin Uses Multi-Party Computation to Enable Private Biometric Verification | RiffOn