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The enterprise AI software stack is evolving into three distinct layers. Foundational Systems of Record (like Workday) and a new top layer of agentic software that "does the work" are defensible. However, the middle layer of traditional workflow applications is now highly vulnerable to disintermediation from above and below.
OpenAI's "Frontier" platform architecture reveals a strategy to insert layers of intelligence and action *on top of* existing enterprise systems of record (e.g., CRMs). This positions OpenAI to capture user value and relationships, reducing established SaaS players to commoditized data repositories or "dumb pipes."
AI's biggest enterprise impact isn't just automation but a complete replatforming of software. It enables a central "context engine" that understands all company data and processes, then generates dynamic user interfaces on demand. This architecture will eventually make many layers of the traditional enterprise software stack obsolete.
Jerry Murdock argues the value of systems of record is tied to their ecosystem. If AI agents create new workflows that bypass these platforms, or if the companies built upon them fail, these systems degrade into simple databases, regardless of the data they hold. Their moat is workflow integration, not data.
Companies will adopt a hybrid "build vs. buy" approach. They will use AI agents to build bespoke, simple software "screwdrivers" for specific workflows on the fly, eliminating many niche SaaS tools. However, they will continue to "rent" large, foundational platforms like ERPs and CRMs, which serve as heavy-duty "trucks."
The middle layer of the AI stack (software infrastructure for data movement or frameworks) is a difficult place to build a company. Foundation models are incentivized to add more capabilities from below, leaving little room for defensible platforms in between applications.
The race in enterprise AI isn't just about agent capabilities, but about owning the central dashboard where employees direct agents across all applications (Salesforce, Jira, etc.). Companies like OpenAI and Microsoft are vying to become this primary interface, controlling the customer relationship and relegating other apps to the background.
Value in the AI stack will concentrate at the infrastructure layer (e.g., chips) and the horizontal application layer. The "middle layer" of vertical SaaS companies, whose value is primarily encoded business logic, is at risk of being commoditized by powerful, general AI agents.
Legacy systems like CRMs will lose their central role. A new, dynamic 'agent layer' will sit above them, interpreting user intent and executing tasks across multiple tools. This layer, which collapses the distance between intent and action, will become the primary place where work gets done.
SaaS products like Salesforce won't be easily ripped out. The real danger is that new AI agents will operate across all SaaS tools, becoming the primary user interface and capturing the next wave of value. This relegates existing SaaS platforms to a lower, less valuable infrastructure layer.
An AI app that is merely a wrapper around a foundation model is at high risk of being absorbed by the model provider. True defensibility comes from integrating AI with proprietary data and workflows to become an indispensable enterprise system of record, like an HR or CRM system.