For a high-skill service business, the biggest barrier to scaling is finding autonomous, high-quality employees. To retain this crucial talent and prevent them from leaving to start a competing business, founders should offer an equity stake that vests over a long period (e.g., 5-6 years), aligning their incentives with the company's long-term growth.
Related Insights
A founder who hoped to one day sell his company to employees was advised to start now. Implementing an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) early aligns the team with the long-term mission, shares the burdens of entrepreneurship, and builds a sustainable, purpose-driven culture from the beginning.
To avoid building a company for a quick sale, Semafor's founders made a 10-year commitment to each other. They then embedded this philosophy into the company's structure by putting all employees and shareholders on a 10-year vesting schedule, aligning the entire organization for long-term, durable growth.
To ensure true alignment and 'skin in the game,' offer proven managers the opportunity to buy into the HoldCo's equity rather than giving them stock grants. People value what they pay for, creating a stronger sense of ownership and long-term commitment.
To conserve cash, especially in a downturn, founders can pay key employees 10-30% below market rate in salary. The key is to compensate for this deficit by offering double or triple the industry standard in equity. This strategy attracts top talent aligned with long-term success while keeping the company's cash burn rate low.
While bonuses tied to revenue incentivize employees to perform specific tasks, they are purely transactional. Granting stock options makes team members think holistically about the entire business's long-term health, from strategic opportunities to small cost savings, creating true psychological ownership.
A business transitions from a founder-dependent "practice" to a scalable "enterprise" only when the founder shares wealth and recognition. Failing to provide equity and public credit prevents attracting and retaining the talent needed for growth, as top performers will leave to become owners themselves.
To keep high-performers, beyond giving them equity, you must explicitly map out their trajectory. Galloway advises sitting down with employees to define their position, responsibilities, and financial standing three years into the future. This clarity on growth and demonstrated investment in their success is highly "intoxicating" for ambitious individuals.
Palo Alto Networks' M&A strategy requires founders to "unvest" half their existing stock. This is offset by a generous new equity grant (25-40% top-off) in the parent company, creating powerful financial incentives for founders to stay for the new three-year vesting period.
Granting a full co-founder 50% equity is a massive, often regrettable, early decision. A better model is to bring on a 'partner' with a smaller, vested equity stake (e.g., 10%). This provides accountability and complementary skills without sacrificing majority ownership and control.
A service company's primary asset is its people. To prevent your best talent from leaving and becoming competitors, you must give them significant equity. This transforms their mindset from employee to owner, aligning their interests with the firm's long-term success and growth.
