Despite a dovish Bank of England and political noise, the bullish case for Sterling holds. Stronger economic data, like blockbuster PMI prints, counters the "doom loop" where fiscal tightening worsens growth. When activity improves, it becomes much harder for markets to price in a significant fiscal risk premium, underpinning the currency.
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While the idea of US growth re-acceleration is driving dollar strength, it's not the only story. Recent positive surprises in European PMI data and upgraded Chinese GDP forecasts suggest broader global growth resilience. This breadth should help cap the US dollar's rally and may promote weakness against other currencies.
A significant policy divergence is expected in Europe. The ECB is forecast to hold rates steady, balancing cyclical growth against structural weaknesses. In contrast, the Bank of England is projected to deliver three cuts, driven by the UK's unique combination of rising unemployment and a rapidly improving inflation outlook.
A country's fiscal health is becoming a primary driver of its currency's value, at times overriding central bank actions. Currencies like the British Pound face a "fiscal risk premium" due to borrowing concerns, while the Swedish Krona benefits from a positive budget outlook. This creates a clear divergence between fiscal "haves" and "have-nots."
Contrary to conventional wisdom, a rate cut is not automatically negative for a currency. In economies like Sweden or the Eurozone, a cut can be perceived as growth-positive, thereby supporting the currency. This contrasts with situations like New Zealand, where cuts are a response to poor data and are thus currency-negative, highlighting the importance of economic context.
UK Sterling weakened despite news that personal income tax hikes might be avoided in the upcoming budget. This counterintuitive reaction, paired with rising Gilt yields, signals that investors are more concerned about the government's fiscal discipline and policy uncertainty than they are optimistic about potential short-term stimulus.
Despite strong UK retail sales and PMI data, the British Pound has weakened. This indicates that the market's focus has completely shifted away from cyclical data and towards the upcoming government budget. Concerns about potential tax hikes are adding a risk premium to the currency, overriding positive economic news.
Sterling's reaction to potential UK budget options is "any news is bad news." Even less-damaging proposals cause weakness because the market understands any policy will result in fiscal tightening, forcing the Bank of England to react dovishly.
The Federal Reserve's dovish stance, combined with a resilient global growth outlook, creates a favorable environment for "pro-cyclical" currencies like the Australian Dollar and Norwegian Krone. This "middle of the dollar smile" scenario suggests betting on currencies sensitive to global economic momentum, not just betting against the dollar.
Stronger US growth isn't hurting EM currencies because growth is also being revised up globally in places like China and Europe. This prevents a repeat of the 'US exceptionalism' theme that typically strengthens the dollar and pressures EM assets, making the current environment less problematic for EMFX.
The convergence of positive global growth indicators raises a crucial question for monetary policy. If the economic backdrop is genuinely strengthening, as these diverse signals suggest, it undermines the justification for central banks to implement further rate cuts. This creates a potential divergence between improving economic reality and market expectations for easing.
