An effective CEO maintains a consistent core philosophy but tailors the emotional and subjective components of the message for different audiences (e.g., engineering, sales, investors). This context-switching ensures everyone can hear and internalize the message in a way that resonates with them personally.

Storytelling is inextricably linked to strategic thinking. If a founder struggles to articulate their company's narrative in a simple, compelling way, it's often because the underlying strategy is weak or inconsistent. The difficulty isn't in the telling, but in the story itself.

Many leaders mistake a chronological summary or a problem-solution statement for a story. True storytelling, like that used by Alibaba's Jack Ma, requires a narrative with characters, conflict, and resolution. This structure is what truly engages stakeholders and persuades them to join a cause.

Instead of starting with a sales deck or homepage design, write the core company story in a simple Google Doc or script. This forces leadership to align on the narrative itself, separate from the distractions of format, ensuring consistency across all future assets.

Storytelling frameworks are useless without substance. The foundation of a compelling narrative is knowing more about your industry's core problem than anyone else. The goal isn't to master abstract techniques but to develop a deep, unique perspective that you feel compelled to share. The true test: could you write a book on your category?

At Alphabet's X, the primary role of storytelling isn't marketing but creating an 'architecture of understanding.' A compelling narrative must lay out a plausible, step-by-step path to the goal. This provides a clear hypothesis and a set of milestones that the team can then systematically test and disprove.

Many brands mistake chronicling the customer journey for storytelling. True storytelling requires a moment of transformation, transcendence, or an 'aha' moment for the customer. It's about creating a feeling of being seen and understood, which builds a deeper emotional connection than simply listing events.

Every compelling story needs conflict, which requires an enemy. Companies can define their enemy in one of three ways: direct competitors (e.g., other vodkas), competing approaches (e.g., cycling vs. the tube), or beliefs you stand against (e.g., humans are terrible drivers). This ABC framework (Approaches, Beliefs, Competitors) simplifies narrative creation.

To build an authentic brand, move beyond product features and engage in an introspective process. By answering these three core questions, a company can establish its foundational ethos. This 'universal truth' then serves as a guiding principle for all external communication and strategic decisions.