Early human augmentation startups used Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS) to create wearable devices that could induce specific mental states. One version acted as a stimulant, like "digital caffeine," while another induced relaxation, like "digital cannabis," by delivering low-voltage electricity to specific brain regions.

The ketogenic diet originated from the centuries-old observation that fasting has powerful neurological effects, including stopping seizures. A physician designed the diet to replicate this metabolic state, allowing patients to gain the brain benefits long-term without the danger of starvation.

The standard 5-gram dose of creatine is effective for muscle performance but insufficient to saturate the brain. To leverage creatine's neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects—such as improved function when sleep-deprived or aging—a higher daily dose of 10 to 15 grams is necessary.

The standard 5g dose of creatine is largely absorbed by muscles, especially in active individuals. To achieve cognitive benefits like improved focus under stress, a higher dose of 10g or more is needed to create a "spillover" effect that saturates the brain with the compound.

Unlike other mammals, human infants are born with significant fat stores. This fat provides essential nutrients like DHA and a source for ketones, which are the preferred fuel for the developing brain, especially in the first few weeks of life.

Instead of using caffeine to wake up, delay intake for 2-3 hours. This allows natural adenosine to clear, creating more available receptors for caffeine to bind to later. This strategy transforms caffeine from a simple stimulant into a powerful tool for enhancing deep work and concentration.

Many children diagnosed with ADHD are actually suffering from sleep deprivation caused by breathing issues like snoring or sleep apnea. Assessing a child's breathing and sleep quality should be the first step, as it is often overlooked in favor of medication.

While BDNF is associated with exercise's brain benefits, the BDNF produced in muscles doesn't readily cross into the brain. Instead, lactate produced during intense exercise enters the brain and acts as a signaling molecule, stimulating local BDNF production and improving hippocampal function.

An episode of low blood sugar impairs brain function. Even after treatment brings glucose levels back to normal, cognitive functions like concentration can take up to 45 minutes to fully recover, significantly impacting a child's learning and performance.