The stickiest software is critical but inexpensive relative to a customer's overall budget, like payroll services. This 'Goldilocks zone' makes the software too small a cost for C-suite review, yet too embedded to easily replace, creating a powerful moat.

When deciding between deepening a vertical, adding adjacent ones, or going horizontal, analyze two key factors: the extent of product modification needed and your ability to market and sell to the new audience. This framework simplifies a complex strategic choice.

After bootstrapping to high single-digit millions in ARR, Vantaca didn't raise money out of desperation. They raised because they had proven their growth playbook and knew that every dollar invested would yield a significant return, but their organic cash flow was limiting the speed of that investment and scaling.

With AI agents in platforms like ChatGPT becoming the primary work surface, the traditional SaaS moat of owning the user interface is eroding. The most defensible position will be owning the core data as the "system of record," making the SaaS platform an essential backend database.

Palo Alto Networks evolved from a firewall company into a platform by systematically identifying adjacent, niche markets ("sliver feature industries"). They then built or acquired solutions for these niches and offered them as new subscriptions on their core hardware, consolidating billion-dollar lateral markets.

True defensibility comes from creating high switching costs. When a product becomes a system of record or is deeply integrated into workflows, customers are effectively locked in. This makes the business resilient to competitors with marginally better features, as switching is too painful.

Founder Ben Kieran intentionally sought out non-glamorous vertical software markets like HOA management. These niches often have large, overlooked opportunities with less competition and specific pain points, making them ideal for building a durable business without needing to be on the cutting edge of tech.

Neither of Vantaca's co-founders were software engineers by trade; they were an electrical and a nuclear engineer. One brought deep industry expertise while the other focused on strategy and growth. They succeeded by deeply understanding the customer's problem and hiring technical talent, showing domain knowledge can be more critical than coding ability in vertical SaaS.

Don't just sell a product; become an indispensable part of your customer's workflow. By offering integrated products and services, you create a value ecosystem that locks out competitors and makes leaving an impractical and undesirable option.