Money is not just a medium of exchange; it is a core social technology that allows individuals to influence others' actions without resorting to violence. When monetary systems fail, society reverts to a state where physical power dictates outcomes.
Modern global conflict is primarily economic, not kinetic. Nations now engage in strategic warfare through currency debasement, asset seizures, and manipulating capital flows. The objective is to inflict maximum financial damage on adversaries, making economic policy a primary weapon of war.
The story of Vietnam freezing bank accounts isn't primarily a warning about digital IDs or CBDCs. It's a reminder of a more fundamental truth: the government holds a monopoly on violence. They don't need new technology to control your money; they can already take it by force if they choose.
Governments fund wars with opaque money printing. Because Bitcoin cannot be printed, it would force leaders to use direct taxation, which citizens would resist. Its unseizable nature also removes the economic incentive of conquering nations for their reserves.
When you trade labor for money and save it, you contribute goods or services to society without yet consuming an equivalent amount. This increases the world's net productive output. Saving is therefore not just a personal financial strategy but a fundamentally moral, pro-civilizational act.
The ability to print money creates inflation that widens the wealth gap. This hyper-inequality triggers a deep-seated, evolutionary psychological response against unfairness, which then manifests as widespread social unrest and societal breakdown.
Command economies inevitably rely on force. In a free society, disagreement is resolved through persuasion. In an authoritarian system where directives are absolute, dissent is ultimately met with force. Adopting a top-down economic model means accepting state-sanctioned violence as a necessary tool.
An asset can only function as money if it has intrinsic value to a subset of the population, establishing a price floor. Cigarettes work as currency in prison because some people actually want to smoke them. Bitcoin, having no underlying use, is like a "digital cigarette" you can't smoke, making its value purely speculative.
Economic uncertainty and anxiety are the root causes of political violence. When governments devalue currency through inflation and amass huge debts, they create the stressful conditions that history shows consistently lead to civil unrest.
Despite narratives of higher purpose, the bedrock of modern life is economic specialization. This system ensures survival and allows for hyper-specialization, which is why economic disruptions so easily unravel societal stability and lead to global conflict.
Drawing on economist Wilhelm Röpke, Jim Grant reframes inflation as a moral and societal issue, not just a monetary one. It represents an economy's reaction to a 'riot of claims'—demanding more than can be produced—where money becomes the weak organ that ultimately fails under the strain of collective hubris.