Companies struggle with AI not because of the models, but because their data is siloed. Adopting an 'integration-first' mindset is crucial for creating the unified data foundation AI requires.

The conventional wisdom that enterprises are blocked by a lack of clean, accessible data is wrong. The true bottleneck is people and change management. Scrappy teams can derive significant value from existing, imperfect internal and public data; the real challenge is organizational inertia and process redesign.

Before implementing AI, organizations must first build a unified data platform. Many companies have multiple, inconsistent "data lakes" and lack basic definitions for concepts like "customer" or "transaction." Without this foundational data consolidation, any attempt to derive insights with AI is doomed to fail due to semantic mismatches.

AI models fail in business applications because they lack the specific context of an organization's operations. Siloed data from sales, marketing, and service leads to disconnected and irrelevant AI-driven actions, making agents seem ineffective despite their power. Unified data provides the necessary 'corporate intelligence'.

AI models lack access to the rich, contextual signals from physical, real-world interactions. Humans will remain essential because their job is to participate in this world, gather unique context from experiences like customer conversations, and feed it into AI systems, which cannot glean it on their own.

Off-the-shelf AI models can only go so far. The true bottleneck for enterprise adoption is "digitizing judgment"—capturing the unique, context-specific expertise of employees within that company. A document's meaning can change entirely from one company to another, requiring internal labeling.

Despite AI's capabilities, it lacks the full context necessary for nuanced business decisions. The most valuable work happens when people with diverse perspectives convene to solve problems, leveraging a collective understanding that AI cannot access. Technology should augment this, not replace it.

Before deploying AI across a business, companies must first harmonize data definitions, especially after mergers. When different units call a "raw lead" something different, AI models cannot function reliably. This foundational data work is a critical prerequisite for moving beyond proofs-of-concept to scalable AI solutions.

Before any AI is built, deep workflow discovery is critical. This involves partnering with subject matter experts to map cross-functional processes, data flows, and user needs. AI currently cannot uncover these essential nuances on its own, making this human-centric step non-negotiable for success.