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Like Silicon Valley Bank before its collapse, many large banks hold massive unrealized losses on low-interest bonds. These aren't fatal unless mass depositor withdrawals force the banks to sell the bonds at a loss, creating a potential 'death spiral' risk for the entire financial system.

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The Federal Reserve encouraged banks to buy long-term treasuries while signaling low rates, only to then hike rates at a historic pace. This action decimated the value of those bonds, making the world's 'safest asset' the riskiest and directly triggering bank collapses like Silicon Valley Bank.

During a financial crisis, even profitable firms face existential threats. The risk isn't from direct exposure to bad assets, but from a systemic "daisy chain" of distrust where counterparties refuse to pay their obligations, leading to a complete liquidity freeze that can bankrupt anyone.

The 2008 crisis wasn't just about mortgages; it was about banks not knowing the extent of toxic assets on each other's books. This paranoia froze the credit system. A similar dynamic is emerging where uncertainty causes every bank to pull back simultaneously, seizing the entire system out of rational self-preservation.

Mirroring the 2008 financial crisis, banks are packaging high-risk debt from the AI infrastructure buildout and selling it to pension funds and insurers. This spreads systemic risk into supposedly safe parts of the economy, moving it from bank balance sheets to retail investors' retirements.

The SVB crisis wasn't a traditional bank run caused by bad loans. It was the first instance where the speed of the internet and digital fund transfers outpaced regulatory reaction, turning a manageable asset-liability mismatch into a systemic crisis. This highlights a new type of technological 'tail risk' for modern banking.

While bad credit might be the spark, the fuel for nearly every major financial crisis is a fundamental mismatch between assets and liabilities. This occurs when an entity holds illiquid investments but owes money to creditors who can demand it back on short notice, forcing fire sales.

The enormous debt accumulated by AI companies for infrastructure is being sliced up, repackaged, and sold to banks, insurance companies, and funds. This process hides the risk from plain sight by embedding it within common investment vehicles like index funds and retirement accounts, creating systemic economic risk.

Months before its collapse, SVB's insolvency was calculable using its own Q3 2022 earnings release. A simple mark-to-market adjustment of its securities portfolio revealed a negative tangible equity of $4 billion, a clear red flag missed by the market.

The failure of Silicon Valley Bank was not an isolated event but a predictable outcome of a global issue. Many entities, including pension funds and insurance companies, are "leveraged long" on government bonds whose values plummeted as interest rates rose.

The banking crisis will have a predictable ripple effect. Banks holding devalued bonds will stop lending and buying more government debt. This will choke off funding for commercial real estate, venture capital, and private equity, triggering cost-cutting and layoffs.

Major Banks Hide Billions in 'Held-to-Maturity' Bond Losses, Posing a Systemic Risk | RiffOn