An analysis of 547 Series B deals reveals two-thirds return less than 2x. This data demonstrates that a "spray and pray" strategy fails at this stage. The cost of misses is too high, and being even slightly worse than average in your picks will result in a failed fund. Discipline and picking are paramount.

For LPs, the primary benefit of pre-fund co-investments with emerging managers isn't just financial returns. It's a critical diligence tool to observe intangible qualities, such as a sponsor's discipline to abandon a flawed deal, which strongly correlates with long-term success.

Many fund managers approach capital raising by broadcasting their own "unique" story. However, the most successful ones operate like great listeners, first seeking to understand the specific needs and constraints of the Limited Partner (LP) and then aligning their value proposition accordingly.

Many LPs focus solely on backing the 'best people.' However, a manager's chosen strategy and market (the 'neighborhood') is a more critical determinant of success. A brilliant manager playing a difficult game may underperform a good manager in a structurally advantaged area.

The best private equity talent often leaves large firms encumbered by non-competes, forcing them to operate as independent, deal-by-deal sponsors. LPs who engage at this stage gain access to proven investors years before they have a marketable track record.

New private equity managers often define their strategy too broadly. The winning approach is to first dominate a narrow swim lane, like 'buy-and-builds of blue collar services,' to build credibility. They can then earn the right to expand into adjacent markets in later funds.

A fund manager's fiduciary duty incentivizes them to trade potentially higher, more volatile returns for guaranteed, quicker multiples (e.g., a 3.5x over a 7x). Unlike a personal investor who can accept high dispersion (big winners, total losses), a GP must prioritize returning capital to LPs like pensions and endowments.

The best investment opportunities are often with managers who have strong demand and don't need any single LP's capital. The allocator's core challenge is proving their value to gain access. Conversely, managers who are too eager to negotiate on terms may be a negative signal of quality or demand.

Instead of focusing on process, allocators should first ask managers fundamental questions like "What do you believe?" and "Why does this work?" to uncover their core investment philosophy. This simple test filters out the majority of firms that lack a deeply held, clearly articulated conviction about their edge.