Startups can bypass the lengthy NRC process for initial reactor tests by using Department of Energy (DOE) and Department of Defense (DOD) pathways. The DOE, with national labs, can regulate test reactors for faster innovation. Crucially, the Army can now license its own reactors, creating a direct regulatory and commercial path to a key market.

While solar panels are inexpensive, the total system cost to achieve 100% reliable, 24/7 coverage is massive. These "hidden costs"—enormous battery storage, transmission build-outs, and grid complexity—make the final price of a full solution comparable to nuclear. This is why hyperscalers are actively pursuing nuclear for their data centers.

The massive energy consumption of AI has made tech giants the most powerful force advocating for new power sources. Their commercial pressure is finally overcoming decades of regulatory inertia around nuclear energy, driving rapid development and deployment of new reactor technologies to meet their insatiable demand.

Startups often fail by making a slightly better version of an incumbent's product. This is a losing strategy because the incumbent can easily adapt. The key is to build something so fundamentally different in structure that competitors have a very hard time copying it, ensuring a durable advantage.

The key driver for military adoption of micro-reactors isn't cost savings, but eliminating the vulnerability of fuel supply chains. Fuel logistics accounted for 50% of casualties in Afghanistan. This frames the product's value around mission assurance and risk reduction, a more compelling proposition than simple energy provision.

Don't fight battles you can't win. For a product like Evernote, competing with free, pre-installed apps like Apple Notes for casual users is a losing proposition. The winning strategy is to focus on the advanced user segment whose complex needs justify paying for a more powerful tool.

Marketing a defense company is fundamentally different from marketing a consumer product. Instead of a broad "one-to-all" campaign targeting millions of customers, defense marketing is a "one-to-few," hyper-targeted effort aimed at a small group of influential government decision-makers who could all fit in a single conference room.

In a crowded market where startups offer free or heavily subsidized AI tokens to gain users, Vercel intentionally prices its tokens at cost. They reject undercutting the market, betting instead that a superior, higher-quality product will win customers willing to pay for value.

A large government commitment, like the $80 billion nuclear development plan with Westinghouse, does more than create a single customer. It acts as a powerful catalyst for the entire industry. This de-risks the supply chain, signals market viability, and attracts massive private capital (e.g., Brookfield), creating tailwinds for all players.