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  1. Complex Systems with Patrick McKenzie (patio11)
  2. 2025 in review, with Sammy Cottrell
2025 in review, with Sammy Cottrell

2025 in review, with Sammy Cottrell

Complex Systems with Patrick McKenzie (patio11) · Jan 3, 2026

A year in review of Complex Systems: Exploring AI's impact on coding & art, top episodes, and laundering niche ideas into corridors of power.

AI-Assisted Coding Is a Revolutionary Leap, Not an Incremental Improvement

Experienced programmers are urged to stop dismissing AI coding tools. The experience is described as "revolutionary," and even a one-hour trial on a toy project will reveal that it's the clear next evolution of programming, not a gimmick.

2025 in review, with Sammy Cottrell thumbnail

2025 in review, with Sammy Cottrell

Complex Systems with Patrick McKenzie (patio11)·3 months ago

Podcasting Unlocks Expertise More Efficiently Than Writing Essays

It is far easier to extract deep knowledge from experts, like a CEO, through a conversational podcast than by asking them to produce a polished written essay. Podcasting lowers the activation energy for sharing complex ideas.

2025 in review, with Sammy Cottrell thumbnail

2025 in review, with Sammy Cottrell

Complex Systems with Patrick McKenzie (patio11)·3 months ago

Internal Company Podcasts Build Employee Affinity and Boost Retention

Companies, especially large ones where CEOs lack face time with everyone, should run an internal podcast. It fosters a sense of connection and affection for leadership and coworkers, which can make employees less likely to leave.

2025 in review, with Sammy Cottrell thumbnail

2025 in review, with Sammy Cottrell

Complex Systems with Patrick McKenzie (patio11)·3 months ago

Power Infrastructure, Not Chips, Is the Likely Rate-Limiting Step for AI Growth

The primary bottleneck for scaling AI over the next decade may be the difficulty of bringing gigawatt-scale power online to support data centers. Smart money is already focused on this challenge, which is more complex than silicon supply.

2025 in review, with Sammy Cottrell thumbnail

2025 in review, with Sammy Cottrell

Complex Systems with Patrick McKenzie (patio11)·3 months ago

Airline Credit Cards Aren't Separate Profit Centers But Linked Businesses

The media narrative that credit cards subsidize unprofitable flights is wrong. The two are linked businesses. The massive income from card programs would not exist without the core airline product and route network that gives the points value.

2025 in review, with Sammy Cottrell thumbnail

2025 in review, with Sammy Cottrell

Complex Systems with Patrick McKenzie (patio11)·3 months ago

Video Podcasts Forge a Primal "Tribal" Connection That Text Can't Replicate

Despite logistical challenges, video podcasts are powerful because hearing a voice and seeing a face taps into a primal part of the brain. This creates a deep sense of personal affection and "tribe" with the speaker that written words alone struggle to match.

2025 in review, with Sammy Cottrell thumbnail

2025 in review, with Sammy Cottrell

Complex Systems with Patrick McKenzie (patio11)·3 months ago

Tech Companies Risk Becoming a Fifth Arm of Government

Similar to the financial sector, tech companies are increasingly pressured to act as a de facto arm of the government, particularly on issues like censorship. This has led to a power struggle, with some tech leaders now publicly pre-committing to resist future government requests.

2025 in review, with Sammy Cottrell thumbnail

2025 in review, with Sammy Cottrell

Complex Systems with Patrick McKenzie (patio11)·3 months ago

LLMs Function as a Social Capital Substitute for Late-Night Problem Solving

Use AI chatbots like Claude as an ever-available, competent sounding board for problems you wouldn't bother a human friend with at 2 a.m. This avoids spending limited social capital on non-critical issues, preserving it for true emergencies.

2025 in review, with Sammy Cottrell thumbnail

2025 in review, with Sammy Cottrell

Complex Systems with Patrick McKenzie (patio11)·3 months ago