Contrary to the popular focus on war, climate-related events like droughts and floods were the leading cause of displacement in 2023, affecting over 26 million people. This shift highlights a growing driver of global migration that current legal systems are not equipped to handle.
The narrative of mass migration to wealthy Western countries is misleading. The vast majority of migrants move to neighboring countries. They only undertake perilous, long-distance journeys when conditions in those initial host nations deteriorate, often due to a lack of international support for those frontline states.
Billions spent on border security hardware are a less effective use of funds than foreign aid. The same resources invested in stabilizing migrant populations in the first countries they flee to—supporting local healthcare, jobs, and schools—could prevent onward migration to the West for a fraction of the cost.
The global migration framework, designed after WWII, only protects those fleeing persecution. It offers no legal status for people displaced by climate disasters or economic collapse, forcing them into a broken asylum system that wasn't built for their circumstances, ultimately fueling political backlash.
Human smugglers and traffickers effectively use social media platforms to reach potential migrants, offering a much easier, albeit dangerous, path than navigating complex official visa processes. Their speed and reach far exceed government communication efforts, often spreading disinformation to exploit vulnerable people.
Even with a severe demographic crisis, Japan struggles with migration due to cultural barriers. An attempt to bring back Japanese diaspora from South America failed because they were perceived by locals as "too loud" and disrespectful of the culture, showing how identity issues can override urgent economic needs.
Many temporary workers would prefer to return home between jobs but remain in a host country illegally because they fear the high cost and danger of re-entering for the next work season. Creating safe, legal, and reliable re-entry pathways could significantly reduce irregular overstays.
Labor migration isn't just a rich-country issue. Many nations in the Global South, including in the Caribbean, South America, and Africa, face their own workforce shortages. This creates opportunities for regional, South-South migration policies that could boost local economies without involving Europe or the US.