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  2. The 80-Year Bet: Why Naveen Rao Is Rebuilding the Computer from Scratch
The 80-Year Bet: Why Naveen Rao Is Rebuilding the Computer from Scratch

The 80-Year Bet: Why Naveen Rao Is Rebuilding the Computer from Scratch

a16z Show · Dec 8, 2025

Unconventional AI's Naveen Rao is betting on analog computing to solve AI's massive energy crisis and build hardware that mirrors the brain's efficiency.

Deferring Manufacturing Concerns Is Key to Breakthrough R&D

Unconventional AI operates as a "practical research lab" by explicitly deferring manufacturing constraints during initial innovation. The focus is purely on establishing "existence proofs" for new ideas, preventing premature optimization from killing potentially transformative but difficult-to-build concepts.

The 80-Year Bet: Why Naveen Rao Is Rebuilding the Computer from Scratch thumbnail

The 80-Year Bet: Why Naveen Rao Is Rebuilding the Computer from Scratch

a16z Show·2 months ago

AGI Requires AI Models with an Innate Understanding of Causality

Today's AI models are powerful but lack a true sense of causality, leading to illogical errors. Unconventional AI's Naveen Rao hypothesizes that building AI on substrates with inherent time and dynamics—mimicking the physical world—is the key to developing this missing causal understanding.

The 80-Year Bet: Why Naveen Rao Is Rebuilding the Computer from Scratch thumbnail

The 80-Year Bet: Why Naveen Rao Is Rebuilding the Computer from Scratch

a16z Show·2 months ago

True AI Efficiency Requires Eliminating Abstraction Layers Like an OS

Biological intelligence has no OS or APIs; the physics of the brain *is* the computation. Unconventional AI's CEO Naveen Rao argues that current AI is inefficient because it runs on layers of abstraction. The future is hardware where intelligence is an emergent property of the system's physics.

The 80-Year Bet: Why Naveen Rao Is Rebuilding the Computer from Scratch thumbnail

The 80-Year Bet: Why Naveen Rao Is Rebuilding the Computer from Scratch

a16z Show·2 months ago

Today’s AI Is Inefficient Because Its Digital Substrate Mismatches Its Stochastic Nature

We are building AI, a fundamentally stochastic and fuzzy system, on top of highly precise and deterministic digital computers. Unconventional AI founder Naveen Rao argues this is a profound mismatch. The goal is to build a new computing substrate—analog circuits—that is isomorphic to the nature of intelligence itself.

The 80-Year Bet: Why Naveen Rao Is Rebuilding the Computer from Scratch thumbnail

The 80-Year Bet: Why Naveen Rao Is Rebuilding the Computer from Scratch

a16z Show·2 months ago

AI's Unsustainable Energy Cost Revives 80-Year-Old Analog Computing

Digital computing, the standard for 80 years, is too power-hungry for scalable AI. Unconventional AI's Naveen Rao is betting on analog computing, which uses physics to perform calculations, as a more energy-efficient substrate for the unique demands of intelligent, stochastic workloads.

The 80-Year Bet: Why Naveen Rao Is Rebuilding the Computer from Scratch thumbnail

The 80-Year Bet: Why Naveen Rao Is Rebuilding the Computer from Scratch

a16z Show·2 months ago

The Meaning of "Full Stack" Has Shrunk from Silicon-to-Apps to Just JavaScript

The original "full stack" engineer understood everything from silicon design and computer architecture to OS-level software and applications. Today, the term has been diluted to simply mean proficiency in front-end and back-end web development, signaling a trend toward narrower technical depth.

The 80-Year Bet: Why Naveen Rao Is Rebuilding the Computer from Scratch thumbnail

The 80-Year Bet: Why Naveen Rao Is Rebuilding the Computer from Scratch

a16z Show·2 months ago

Startups Provide Career-Defining Breadth That Big Tech's Specialization Stifles

Working at a startup early in your career provides exposure across the entire hardware/software stack, a breadth that pays dividends later. Naveen Rao argues that large companies, by design, hire for specific, repeatable tasks, which can limit an engineer's adaptability and holistic problem-solving skills.

The 80-Year Bet: Why Naveen Rao Is Rebuilding the Computer from Scratch thumbnail

The 80-Year Bet: Why Naveen Rao Is Rebuilding the Computer from Scratch

a16z Show·2 months ago