The era of bloated headcount is over. Market expectations for efficiency have fundamentally changed, driven by AI and a post-2021 correction. The minimum acceptable revenue per employee for a public SaaS company has doubled from ~$200k to a new standard of $400k-$500k.

The old PE model is obsolete in software. With high revenue multiples (7-8x) and low leverage (30% debt), firms must genuinely grow the business to generate returns. About two-thirds of value now comes from selling a larger, more profitable company (terminal value), not from stripping cash flow.

In the current AI-driven tech M&A landscape, traditional valuation metrics are being upended. For high-potential companies, the exit multiple is sometimes calculated based on total capital raised (e.g., 10x) rather than annual recurring revenue (ARR), signaling a major shift in valuation.

Investing in a high-growth company like ClickHouse at a $15B valuation isn't complex; it's a direct bet on "growth persistence." The entire financial model hinges on the assumption that the recent, extreme growth rate will continue for another 2-3 years. Any premature deceleration invalidates the entry price.

AI is making core software functionality nearly free, creating an existential crisis for traditional SaaS companies. The old model of 90%+ gross margins is disappearing. The future will be dominated by a few large AI players with lower margins, alongside a strategic shift towards monetizing high-value services.

Private market valuations are benchmarked against public multiples. Currently, public SaaS firms with 30% growth trade at 15-20x revenue, twice the historical average. If this 'bedrock price' reverts to its 7-8x mean, it will trigger a cascade of valuation drops across the private markets.

The ongoing decline in growth rates for public SaaS companies has created an existential crisis around revenue durability. Investors have lost confidence that traditional SaaS models can sustain growth in the face of AI disruption, leading to a massive valuation collapse.

The macroeconomic shift to a high-margin, high-interest-rate environment means SaaS companies must abandon the 'growth at all costs' playbook. Pricing decisions, such as usage-based models that delay revenue, have critical cash flow implications. Strategy must now favor profitability and immediate cash generation.

Relying on the once-golden 'T2D3' growth metric for SaaS companies is now terrible advice for 2025. The market has shifted, and founders with these strong historical metrics are still struggling to get funded, indicating that even elite growth is no longer a guarantee of investment.