The move toward a less efficient, more expensive global supply chain is not a failure but a strategic correction. Over-prioritizing efficiency created a dangerous dependency on China. Diversification, while costlier in the short term, is a fundamental principle of long-term risk management.

By developing and owning the exact specifications for their fabrics—from the yarn to the finish—Faherty can move production between different manufacturers. This de-risks their supply chain from tariffs and geopolitical issues, as the "makers become less important."

Rather than trying to predict specific geopolitical crises, Siemens builds resilience by creating separate technology stacks for different regions. For instance, its industrial AI for China is trained on Chinese LLMs, while its US counterpart uses American models, creating independent and compliant systems.

Counterintuitively, U.S. and global auto firms need to collaborate with Chinese suppliers to reduce strategic dependency. The model involves onshoring Chinese hardware and manufacturing expertise while maintaining national control over sensitive AI software and networks, creating a strategic "co-opetition."

Siemens navigates its immense scale through a three-dimensional matrix of businesses, regions, and industry verticals. Critically, the primary axis of power and P&L responsibility lies with the global business units, not geography, though this model adapts for certain divisions.

The biopharma outsourcing sector has proven surprisingly resilient to international tariffs. Instead of absorbing costs, well-funded European companies are bypassing tariffs altogether by investing in and building new production facilities directly on U.S. soil, effectively onshoring their manufacturing.

The ongoing wave of investment in automation and upgrading existing US facilities is not the end goal. It's the first step for companies recalculating supply chain costs due to tariffs. This "brownfield" optimization proves the economic viability of US production, paving the way for larger "greenfield" projects once existing capacity is maximized.

Geopolitical shifts mean a company's country of origin heavily influences its market access and tariff burdens. This "corporate nationality" creates an uneven playing field, where a business's location can instantly become a massive advantage or liability compared to competitors.

Contrary to political rhetoric, Siemens' CEO provides a ground-level view that a widespread return of manufacturing to the US has not yet materialized. He cites labor shortages and policy uncertainty as key drags, despite real investments in specific sectors like pharma and semiconductors.