VCs are shifting investment away from traditional SaaS because AI-powered 'cloud code' can easily replicate software features, eroding moats. Capital is now flowing to less replicable, technology-risk businesses like robotics, AI-driven hedge funds, and biotech. This marks a strategic return to underwriting deep technical innovation over predictable financial metrics.

The venture capital perspective on hardware has completely flipped. Previously seen as a difficult and capital-intensive area to be avoided, hardware is now considered one of the few remaining defensible moats. Physical products like WHOOP and Eight Sleep create customer lock-in that software alone cannot.

To avoid being made obsolete by a frontier AI model, startups need a strong moat. The three most defensible moats are: 1) building hardware, which AI cannot physically replicate, 2) establishing strong network effects where value increases with more users, and 3) operating in a complex, regulated industry requiring human interaction.

For decades, hardware startups failed because building the necessary bespoke software was too difficult and expensive. The rise of general-purpose AI provides a powerful, adaptable software layer "out of the box." This dramatically lowers the barrier to scaling for hardware-intensive businesses like robotics and drones, making them more attractive for creative financing.

YC Partner Harj Taggar notes a significant shift in investor sentiment. The rise of powerful foundation models has made SaaS feel vulnerable to being obsoleted, causing VCs to pivot capital towards previously hard-to-fund hardware and hard tech companies, which now seem more defensible.

As AI commoditizes software, hardware is re-emerging as a key defensibility layer for startups. A decade ago, VCs avoided hardware, but now a physical device tied to a software subscription creates powerful stickiness and justifies high valuations, representing a major shift in investment strategy.

AI makes software incredibly easy to build and replicate, eroding traditional business moats. Chip Huyen argues the next frontier for durable value is in physical AI and robotics, where hardware development cycles and real-world complexities prevent instant copying.

Initially disliking the capital-intensive nature of building 200 custom robots, the founder now sees it as a key defense. Unlike pure software companies vulnerable to AI disruption, his physical infrastructure and operational processes create a significant barrier to entry for new competitors.

Contrary to the software-centric narrative, hardware is experiencing a significant resurgence. The latest YC batch marks a milestone with over 10% of companies being hardware-focused, signaling renewed investor interest and viability in sectors like robotics, space, and nuclear energy.