For the typically young and active desmoid tumor patient population, the convenience of a once-daily oral pill is a major advantage. This seemingly simple feature significantly improves compliance and adherence compared to twice-daily regimens, making it a key factor in real-world treatment feasibility and success, more so than the specific milligram dosage.

While precision medicine has focused on tumor biology, this research suggests a broader "precision care" approach is needed. This involves tailoring treatment, such as drug dosage, based on patient-specific factors like physiology, functional reserve, and personal goals, not just genomic markers.

As more effective treatments for desmoid tumors become available, a critical unmet need is emerging: knowing when to stop therapy. Future research must focus on identifying signals, such as radiologic changes on MRI, to guide treatment duration. This will help clinicians avoid both the risk of early relapse from stopping too soon and the toxicity of unnecessary overtreatment.

While new systemic treatments for desmoid tumors can effectively control the disease and improve quality of life by managing symptoms, they introduce their own set of side effects. This creates a clinical challenge where the positive impact on the tumor must be carefully weighed against the negative impact of the treatment itself on the patient's daily life.

An individual tumor can have hundreds of unique mutations, making it impossible to predict treatment response from a single genetic marker. This molecular chaos necessitates functional tests that measure a drug's actual effect on the patient's cells to determine the best therapy.

The future of medicine isn't about finding a single 'best' modality like CAR-T or gene therapy. Instead, it's about strategic convergence, choosing the right tool—be it a bispecific, ADC, or another biologic—based on the patient's specific disease stage and urgency of treatment.

The next frontier in CSCC isn't just about new drugs, but about optimizing existing ones. A key research area is determining the minimum number of immunotherapy doses required for an optimal response—potentially just one or two—to limit toxicity, reduce treatment burden, and personalize care for high-risk patients.

Researchers are exploring combination therapies for chondrosarcoma's heterogeneity. One strategy is to combine IDH1 inhibitors, which may work better on lower-grade tumors, with DR5 agonists, potentially more effective on higher-grade tumors, to attack different components of the cancer simultaneously.

Instead of a rigid, pre-defined treatment plan, clinicians are adopting a "response-determined" approach for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. A tumor initially deemed unresectable can become operable after just one or two doses of immunotherapy, requiring dynamic, ongoing collaboration between surgical and medical oncology teams to adjust the plan.