Systems—repeatable processes that save time, energy, and stress—are more reliable than willpower, which fades. Instead of just setting goals, build systems that make achieving them the default outcome, even when motivation is low.

The vest has become a uniform in finance and tech because it's one of the few items of clothing that can be acceptably branded in a corporate setting. It acts as a "wearable business card," silently communicating one's company, industry, and status, fulfilling a deep-seated human desire to belong to a tribe.

The common perception is that creative individuals thrive in unstructured environments. For those with ADHD, however, a lack of systems creates overwhelming chaos and decision fatigue. Implementing predictable routines frees up mental energy, enabling greater clarity and proactive focus in both business and life.

Celebrating small, tracked achievements builds belief in your capabilities. This belief eventually shapes your identity (e.g., 'I am a person who works out'). Once an action is part of your identity, it becomes effortless and automatic, eliminating the need for constant motivation.

Paul Graham's concept of "good" procrastination involves strategically neglecting socially important but non-essential tasks (e.g., matching socks, formal attire) to maintain obsessive focus on one's life's work. This is the excusable neglect practiced by highly effective builders and thinkers.

The decision to exercise is often a daily debate that drains willpower. By pre-committing to exercising every day, you eliminate the "if" and change the mental conversation to a simple logistical question of "when." This reframing makes consistency far more achievable.

To maximize the life and freshness of his footwear, Howard Lerman owns eight identical pairs of shoes. He codes each pair with a Sharpie and rotates them daily, allowing a full week of "recovery" time for each. This is an extreme application of optimization principles to a mundane aspect of life.

The most powerful way to make habits stick is to tie them to your identity. Each action you take—one pushup, one sentence written—casts a vote for a desired identity, like "I'm someone who doesn't miss workouts" or "I am a writer." This builds a body of evidence that makes the identity real.

Instead of building many habits at once, focus on one or two 'upstream' ones that cause a cascade of positive effects. For example, exercising regularly often leads to better sleep, improved focus, and healthier eating habits without directly trying to change them.