Before replacing human workers, AI expands the total addressable market by making services economically viable for previously unserved segments. For instance, Intercom customers now offer AI support to their free users, something they could never afford with human agents.

Counterintuitively, making a task cheaper and easier with AI doesn't just eliminate jobs; it drastically increases the overall demand for that task. Just as Excel created more accountants, AI's efficiencies will lead to an explosion in the volume of work, creating new roles and opportunities.

Contrary to the popular belief that AI's main purpose is to replace humans for less money, user data shows its primary benefit is enabling entirely new functions. As AI costs rise, the focus will shift from simple cost-cutting to strategic investments in capabilities that were previously impossible.

Fears of mass unemployment from AI overlook a key economic principle: human desire is not fixed. As technology makes existing goods and services cheaper, humans invent new things to want. The Industrial Revolution didn't end work; it just created new kinds of jobs to satisfy new desires.

The narrative of AI destroying jobs misses a key point: AI allows companies to 'hire software for a dollar' for tasks that were never economical to assign to humans. This will unlock new services and expand the economy, creating demand in areas that previously didn't exist.

Contrary to fears of mass unemployment, AI will create new industries and roles. While transitional unemployment will occur, the demand for more energy, AI-related regulation (e.g., government lawyers), and new leisure sectors will generate significant job growth, offsetting the displacement from automation.

Whether AI productivity gains create or destroy jobs depends on how much more consumers buy when prices fall. If demand is "inelastic," firms will fire workers. If it's "elastic," they might hire more. Economists lack sufficient data on this elasticity across sectors, making predictions highly uncertain.

Countering AI doomerism, Ben Horowitz argues that human desire is infinite. Once AI makes basic goods abundant, people will develop new 'needs'—from complex services to luxury experiences like chef-prepared meals—which will in turn generate entirely new industries and jobs unimaginable today.

Beyond making current services cheaper (the "Affordability Unlock"), AI enables a "Possibility Unlock" by making new service models operationally feasible at scale. This creates net-new demand for services, like continuous preventative healthcare, that couldn't exist before, fostering entirely new markets and job ecosystems.